요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.
1. 요약·해설
원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.
2. 영어 원문 전체
번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.
원문 전체 펼치기
==============================================================
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver Configuration guide
==============================================================
Kernel Configuration
====================
To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
primary sound card support (``CONFIG_SOUND``). Since ALSA can emulate
OSS, you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
Enable "OSS API emulation" (``CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL``) and both OSS mixer
and PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
(``CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER``).
To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
and "Debug" options. To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
too. "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
(if the card supports ISA PnP). You don't need to configure the cards
using isapnptools.
Module parameters
=================
The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
Module snd
----------
The core ALSA module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
It takes the following options which have global effects.
major
major number for sound driver;
Default: 116
cards_limit
limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8);
Default: 1;
For auto-loading more than one card, specify this option
together with snd-card-X aliases.
slots
Reserve the slot index for the given driver;
This option takes multiple strings.
See `Module Autoloading Support`_ section for details.
debug
Specifies the debug message level;
(0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
2 = verbose debug messages);
This option appears only when ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y``.
This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
/sys/module/snd/parameters/debug file.
Module snd-pcm-oss
------------------
The PCM OSS emulation module.
This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
dsp_map
PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
Default: 0
adsp_map
PCM device number maps assigned to the 2nd OSS device;
Default: 1
nonblock_open
Don't block opening busy PCM devices;
Default: 1
For example, when ``dsp_map=2``, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
the card #0. Similarly, when ``adsp_map=0``, /dev/adsp will be mapped
to PCM #0 of the card #0.
For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
commas, such like ``dsp_map=0,1``.
``nonblock_open`` option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
regarding opening the device. When this option is non-zero,
opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
Module snd-rawmidi
------------------
This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
midi_map
MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
Default: 0
amidi_map
MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2nd OSS device;
Default: 1
Module snd-soc-core
-------------------
The soc core module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
It takes the following options which have global effects.
prealloc_buffer_size_kbytes
Specify prealloc buffer size in kbytes (default: 512).
Common parameters for top sound card modules
--------------------------------------------
Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
index
index (slot #) of sound card;
Values: 0 through 31 or negative;
If nonnegative, assign that index number;
if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible indices;
the first free permitted index is assigned;
Default: -1
id
card ID (identifier or name);
Can be up to 15 characters long;
Default: the card type;
A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
containing information about the card;
This ID can be used instead of the index number in
identifying the card
enable
enable card;
Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
These options are used for either specifying the order of instances or
controlling enabling and disabling of each one of the devices if there
are multiple devices bound with the same driver. For example, there are
many machines which have two HD-audio controllers (one for HDMI/DP
audio and another for onboard analog). In most cases, the second one is
in primary usage, and people would like to assign it as the first
appearing card. They can do it by specifying "index=1,0" module
parameter, which will swap the assignment slots.
Today, with the sound backend like PulseAudio and PipeWire which
supports dynamic configuration, it's of little use, but that was a
help for static configuration in the past.
Module snd-adlib
----------------
Module for AdLib FM cards.
port
port # for OPL chip
This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
synthesis.
Make sure you have ``sbiload`` from the alsa-tools package available and,
after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
number through ``sbiload -l``.
Example output:
::
Port Client name Port name
64:0 OPL2 FM synth OPL2 FM Port
Load the ``std.sb`` and ``drums.sb`` patches also supplied by ``sbiload``:
::
sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use ``std.o3`` and ``drums.o3``
instead. To have the card produce sound, use ``aplaymidi`` from alsa-utils:
::
aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
Module snd-ad1816a
------------------
Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
clockfreq
Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
Module snd-ad1848
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
port
port # for AD1848 chip
irq
IRQ # for AD1848 chip
dma1
DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe
thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-ad1889
-----------------
Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
ac97_quirk
AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-ali5451
------------------
Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
pcm_channels
Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
spdif
Support SPDIF I/O;
Default: disabled
This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-als100
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-als300
-----------------
Module for Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
This module supports multiple cards.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-als4000
------------------
Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
joystick_port
port # for legacy joystick support;
0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-asihpi
-----------------
Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards
enable_hpi_hwdep
enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-atiixp
-----------------
Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
ac97_clock
AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
ac97_quirk
AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
ac97_codec
Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec instead of probing.
If this works for you file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
(-2 = Force probing, -1 = Default behavior, 0-2 = Use the
specified codec.)
spdif_aclink
S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output. One is
over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output. The
implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-atiixp-modem
-----------------------
Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
slot is excluded.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
-----------------------------------------
Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
pcifix
Control PCI workarounds;
0 = Disable all workarounds,
1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff,
2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge,
3 = Force both settings,
255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
``spdif`` pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
Advantage.
Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
Module snd-azt1605
------------------
Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT1605
chipset.
port
port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
wss_port
port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
irq
IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
dma1
DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
dma2
DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (3,5,7,9), -1 = disabled (default)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
The other values are optional.
``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
legacy ISA in your BIOS.
Module snd-azt2316
------------------
Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT2316
chipset.
port
port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
wss_port
port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
irq
IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
dma1
DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
dma2
DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10), -1 = disabled (default)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
The other values are optional.
``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
legacy ISA in your BIOS.
Module snd-aw2
--------------
Module for Audiowerk2 sound card
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-azt2320
------------------
Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-azt3328
------------------
Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
joystick
Enable joystick (default off)
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-bt87x
----------------
Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
digital_rate
Override the default digital rate (Hz)
load_all
Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
This module supports multiple cards.
Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
slot is excluded.
Module snd-ca0106
-----------------
Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-cmi8330
------------------
Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
wssport
port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
wssirq
IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
wssdma
first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
sbport
port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
sbirq
IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
sbdma8
8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
sbdma16
16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
fmport
(optional) OPL3 I/O port
mpuport
(optional) MPU401 I/O port
mpuirq
(optional) MPU401 irq #
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-cmipci
-----------------
Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
mpu_port
port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
0 = disable
fm_port
port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
0x388 = legacy port,
1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
0 = disable
soft_ac3
Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only) (default = 1)
joystick_port
Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-cs4231
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
port
port # for CS4231 chip
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
irq
IRQ # for CS4231 chip
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
dma1
first DMA # for CS4231 chip
dma2
second DMA # for CS4231 chip
This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-cs4236
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
cport
control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
fm_port
FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
irq
IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
dma1
first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
dma2
second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
(if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
specified!!! Other ports are optional.
The power-management is supported.
This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
snd-cs4232 functionality, too.
Module snd-cs4281
-----------------
Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
dual_codec
Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
This module supports multiple cards.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-cs46xx
-----------------
Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
external_amp
Force to enable external amplifier.
thinkpad
Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
mmap_valid
Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
from PCI sub vendor/device ids. If they don't work, give the options
above explicitly.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-cs5530
-----------------
Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
Module snd-cs5535audio
----------------------
Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-ctxfi
----------------
Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
reference_rate
reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
multiple
multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
subsystem
override the PCI SSID for probing;
the value consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID.
The default is zero, which means no override.
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-darla20
------------------
Module for Echoaudio Darla20
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-darla24
------------------
Module for Echoaudio Darla24
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-dt019x
-----------------
Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
only)
This module supports multiple cards. This module is enabled only with
ISA PnP support.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-dummy
----------------
Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
or input, but you may use this module for any application which
requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
pcm_devs
Number of PCM devices assigned to each card (default = 1, up to 4)
pcm_substreams
Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM (default = 8, up to 128)
hrtimer
Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
fake_buffer
Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)
When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
behavior to each PCM device:
* 0 = interleaved with mmap support
* 1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
* 2 = interleaved without mmap
* 3 = non-interleaved without mmap
As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
buffer pages, in order to save the resources. If your apps need
the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
option.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-echo3g
-----------------
Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-emu10k1
------------------
Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
* Sound Blaster Live!
* Sound Blaster PCI 512
* Sound Blaster Audigy
* E-MU APS (partially supported)
* E-MU DAS
extin
bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see below)
extout
bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see below)
seq_ports
allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
max_synth_voices
limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
max_buffer_size
specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers given in MB
unit. Default value is 128.
enable_ir
enable IR
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Input & Output configurations [extin/extout]
* Creative Card wo/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f03]
* Creative Card w/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card w/Digital CD in [0x000f/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
* Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
* Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
* Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003 [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
* Creative Card all ins and outs [0x3fff/0x7fff]
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-emu10k1x
-------------------
Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-ens1370
------------------
Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
* SoundBlaster PCI 64
* SoundBlaster PCI 128
joystick
Enable joystick (default off)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-ens1371
------------------
Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
* SoundBlaster PCI 64
* SoundBlaster PCI 128
* SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
joystick_port
port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218), 0 = disable
(default), 1 = auto-detect
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-es1688
-----------------
Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following additional options are available:
port
port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
dma8
DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port)
and PnP with the ES968 chip.
Module snd-es18xx
-----------------
Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
fm_port
port # for FM (optional, not used)
irq
IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
dma2
first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
When ``dma2`` is equal with ``dma1``, the driver works as half-duplex.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-es1938
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-es1968
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
total_bufsize
total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
pcm_substreams_p
playback channels (1-8, default=2)
pcm_substreams_c
capture channels (1-8, default=0)
clock
clock (0 = auto-detection)
use_pm
support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
enable_mpu
enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
joystick
enable joystick (default off)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-fm801
----------------
Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
tea575x_tuner
Enable TEA575x tuner;
1 = MediaForte 256-PCS,
2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR,
3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1;
example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-gina20
-----------------
Module for Echoaudio Gina20
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-gina24
-----------------
Module for Echoaudio Gina24
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-gusclassic
---------------------
Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
port
port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
dma1
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
dma2
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
voices
GF1 voices limit (14-32)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Module snd-gusextreme
---------------------
Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
port
port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
gf1_port
port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
irq
IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
gf1_irq
IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
dma8
DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
dma1
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
voices
GF1 voices limit (14-32)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
Module snd-gusmax
-----------------
Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
port
port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
dma1
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
dma2
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
voices
GF1 voices limit (14-32)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Module snd-hda-intel
--------------------
Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
PCH, SCH), ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770, VIA VT8251/VT8237A, SIS966, ULI M5461
[Multiple options for each card instance]
model
force the model name
position_fix
Fix DMA pointer;
-1 = system default: choose appropriate one per controller hardware,
0 = auto: falls back to LPIB when POSBUF doesn't work,
1 = use LPIB,
2 = POSBUF: use position buffer,
3 = VIACOMBO: VIA-specific workaround for capture,
4 = COMBO: use LPIB for playback, auto for capture stream
5 = SKL+: apply the delay calculation available on recent Intel chips
6 = FIFO: correct the position with the fixed FIFO size, for recent AMD chips
probe_mask
Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots);
When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
slots regardless what hardware reports back
probe_only
Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
bdl_pos_adj
Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
value based on the controller chip.
patch
Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio setup
before initializing the codecs.
This option is available only when ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y``
is set. See hd-audio/notes.rst for details.
beep_mode
Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on);
default value is set via ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE`` kconfig.
[Single (global) options]
single_cmd
Use single immediate commands to communicate with codecs
(for debugging only)
enable_msi
Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
power_save
Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 = disable)
power_save_controller
Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode (default = on)
pm_blacklist
Enable / disable power-management deny-list (default = look up PM
deny-list, 0 = skip PM deny-list, 1 = force to turn off runtime PM)
align_buffer_size
Force rounding of buffer/period sizes to multiples of 128 bytes.
This is more efficient in terms of memory access but isn't
required by the HDA spec and prevents users from specifying
exact period/buffer sizes. (default = on)
snoop
Enable/disable snooping (default = on)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
See hd-audio/notes.rst for more details about HD-audio driver.
Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
configuration is set up. You can pass ``model=<name>`` option to
specify a certain model in such a case. There are different
models depending on the codec chip. The list of available models
is found in hd-audio/models.rst.
The model name ``generic`` is treated as a special case. When this
model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
"codec-patch". It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
The model option can be used also for aliasing to another PCI or codec
SSID. When it's passed in the form of ``model=XXXX:YYYY`` where XXXX
and YYYY are the sub-vendor and sub-device IDs in hex numbers,
respectively, the driver will refer to that SSID as a reference to the
quirk table.
If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
output (with ``--no-upload`` option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
ML (see the section `Links and Addresses`_).
``power_save`` and ``power_save_controller`` options are for power-saving
mode. See powersave.rst for details.
Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
``position_fix=1`` or ``2``. ``position_fix=1`` will use the SD_LPIB
register value without FIFO size correction as the current
DMA pointer. ``position_fix=2`` will make the driver to use
the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
(Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
position buffer.)
``position_fix=3`` is specific to VIA devices. The position
of the capture stream is checked from both LPIB and POSBUF
values. ``position_fix=4`` is a combination mode, using LPIB
for playback and POSBUF for capture.
NB: If you get many ``azx_get_response timeout`` messages at
loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
routing). Try to boot with options like ``pci=noacpi``. Also, you
can try ``single_cmd=1`` module option. This will switch the
communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB. Basically, the
single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
unsolicited events, too. But, at least, this works independently
from the irq. Remember this is a last resort, and should be
avoided as much as possible...
MORE NOTES ON ``azx_get_response timeout`` PROBLEMS:
On some hardware, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
to avoid the ``azx_get_response timeout`` problem above, instead.
This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
(likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
bus. You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE``, or simply from the file name of the codec
proc files. Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
For example, ``probe_mask=1`` means to probe only the first slot, and
``probe_mask=4`` means only the third slot.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-hdsp
---------------
Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
This module supports multiple cards.
Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
when ``CONFIG_FW_LOADER`` is set. Otherwise, you need to load
the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
package.
The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
when any HDSP cards are found. To make the buffer
allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
stage of boot sequence. See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
section.
Module snd-hdspm
----------------
Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
precise_ptr
Enable precise pointer, or disable.
line_outs_monitor
Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
enable_monitor
Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
See hdspm.rst for details.
Module snd-ice1712
------------------
Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
* MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
* TerraTec EWS 88MT
* TerraTec EWS 88D
* TerraTec EWX 24/96
* TerraTec DMX 6Fire
* TerraTec Phase 88
* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
* Event Electronics, EZ8
* Digigram VX442
* Lionstracs, Mediastaton
* Terrasoniq TS 88
model
Use the given board model, one of the following:
delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
phase88, mediastation
omni
Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
cs8427_timeout
reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver) in msec
resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Note: The consumer part is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for
example in the MidiMan Delta siree).
Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
type for testing.
Module snd-ice1724
------------------
Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
* AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
* TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
* TerraTec Phase 22
* TerraTec Phase 28
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
* AudioTrak Prodigy 192
* Pontis MS300
* Albatron K8X800 Pro II
* Chaintech ZNF3-150
* Chaintech ZNF3-250
* Chaintech 9CJS
* Chaintech AV-710
* Shuttle SN25P
* Onkyo SE-90PCI
* Onkyo SE-200PCI
* ESI Juli@
* ESI Maya44
* Hercules Fortissimo IV
* EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
model
Use the given board model, one of the following:
revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
type for testing.
Module snd-indigo
-----------------
Module for Echoaudio Indigo
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-indigodj
-------------------
Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-indigoio
-------------------
Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-intel8x0
-------------------
Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7,
6300ESB, ESB2
* SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804 CK8, CK8S, MCP501
* AMD AMD768, AMD8111
* ALi m5455
ac97_clock
AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
ac97_quirk
AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
buggy_irq
Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some motherboards
(default yes on nForce chips, otherwise off)
buggy_semaphore
Enable workaround for hardware with buggy semaphores (e.g. on some
ASUS laptops) (default off)
spdif_aclink
Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection from the
controller chip (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
explicitly via the module option ``ac97_clock=41194``.
Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver. If your
motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
modules, respectively.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-intel8x0m
--------------------
Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
* SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
* AMD AMD8111
* ALi m5455
ac97_clock
AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
slot is excluded.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-interwave
--------------------
Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
midi
1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
effect
1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
dma1
DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
dma2
DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
Module snd-interwave-stb
------------------------
Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
midi
1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
effect
1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
port_tc
tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
irq
IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
dma1
DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
dma2
DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
Module snd-jazz16
-------------------
Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.
port
port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
dma8
DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
dma16
DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
mpu_port
MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
mpu_irq
MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-korg1212
-------------------
Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-layla20
------------------
Module for Echoaudio Layla20
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-layla24
------------------
Module for Echoaudio Layla24
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-lola
---------------
Module for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-lx6464es
-------------------
Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-maestro3
-------------------
Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
external_amp
enable external amp (enabled by default)
amp_gpio
GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or -1 for default pin (8
for allegro, 1 for others)
This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
For example, a Panasonic notebook might need ``amp_gpio=0x0d``
option.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-mia
---------------
Module for Echoaudio Mia
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-miro
---------------
Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro, miroSOUND PCM 12,
miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
port
Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
irq
IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
dma1
1st dma # (0,1,3)
dma2
2nd dma # (0,1)
mpu_port
MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
mpu_irq
MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
fm_port
FM Port # (0x388)
wss
enable WSS mode
ide
enable onboard ide support
Module snd-mixart
-----------------
Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
This module supports multiple cards.
Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
See Documentation/sound/cards/mixart.rst for details.
When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
Module snd-mona
---------------
Module for Echoaudio Mona
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-mpu401
-----------------
Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
port
port number or -1 (disable)
irq
IRQ number or -1 (disable)
pnp
PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
Module snd-msnd-classic
-----------------------
Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
soundcards.
io
Port # for msnd-classic card
irq
IRQ # for msnd-classic card
mem
Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
write_ndelay
enable write ndelay (default = 1)
calibrate_signal
calibrate signal (default = 0)
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
digital
Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
cfg
Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
reset
Reset all devices
mpu_io
MPU401 I/O port
mpu_irq
MPU401 irq#
ide_io0
IDE port #0
ide_io1
IDE port #1
ide_irq
IDE irq#
joystick_io
Joystick I/O port
The driver requires firmware files ``turtlebeach/msndinit.bin`` and
``turtlebeach/msndperm.bin`` in the proper firmware directory.
See Documentation/sound/cards/multisound.sh for important information
about this driver. Note that it has been discontinued, but the
Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
at
https://www.turtlebeach.com
Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
------------------------
Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.
io
Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
irq
IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
mem
Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
write_ndelay
enable write ndelay (default = 1)
calibrate_signal
calibrate signal (default = 0)
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
The driver requires firmware files ``turtlebeach/pndspini.bin`` and
``turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin`` in the proper firmware directory.
Module snd-mtpav
----------------
Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
port).
port
I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
irq
IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
hwports
number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
Module supports only 1 card. This module has no enable option.
Module snd-mts64
----------------
Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
This module supports multiple devices.
Requires parport (``CONFIG_PARPORT``).
Module snd-nm256
----------------
Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
playback_bufsize
max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
capture_bufsize
max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
force_ac97
0 or 1 (disabled by default)
buffer_top
specify buffer top address
use_cache
0 or 1 (disabled by default)
vaio_hack
alias buffer_top=0x25a800
reset_workaround
enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
reset_workaround2
enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some other laptops
This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
the buffer_top option.
For example,
Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
The driver supports only ac97 codec. It's possible to force
to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected. In such a
case, use ``force_ac97=1`` option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
works!
Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
codecs. This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
even though the device is detected in lspci. In such a case, try
other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2. Some has ISA-PnP
but some doesn't have ISA PnP. You'll need to specify ``isapnp=0``
and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET. For the
known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
workaround is enabled automatically. For other laptops with a
hard freeze, you can try ``reset_workaround=1`` option.
Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
AC97 RESET. On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
turned on as default. This option is worth to try if the
previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
Note: This driver is really crappy. It's a porting from the
OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
X-server as described above. You might be able to force to load
the module, but it may result in hang-up. Hence, make sure that
you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
problem.
Module snd-opl3sa2
------------------
Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
sb_port
SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
wss_port
WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
midi_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
fm_port
FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
irq
IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
dma2
second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP. It does not support
autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
-------------------------
Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
irq
IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
-------------------------
Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
irq
IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
dma2
second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
Module snd-opti93x
------------------
Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
irq
IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
dma2
second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
Module snd-oxygen
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788 chip:
* Asound A-8788
* Asus Xonar DG/DGX
* AuzenTech X-Meridian
* AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
* Bgears b-Enspirer
* Club3D Theatron DTS
* HT-Omega Claro (plus)
* HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
* Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI
* Razer Barracuda AC-1
* Sondigo Inferno
* TempoTec HiFier Fantasia
* TempoTec HiFier Serenade
This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
Module snd-pcsp
---------------
Module for internal PC-Speaker.
nopcm
Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
nforce_wa
enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.
This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
even a few mixer controls.
Module snd-pcxhr
----------------
Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-portman2x4
---------------------
Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
---------------------------------
Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
enable_beep
enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
Module supports autoprobe a chip.
Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianness.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
------------------------------------
Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
For ARM architecture only.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-riptide
------------------
Module for Conexant Riptide chip
joystick_port
Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
mpu_port
MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
opl3_port
OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
You need to install the firmware file ``riptide.hex`` to the standard
firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
Module snd-rme32
----------------
Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-rme96
----------------
Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-rme9652
------------------
Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
precise_ptr
Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably). (default = 0)
This module supports multiple cards.
Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
when any RME9652 cards are found. To make the buffer
allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
stage of boot sequence. See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
section.
Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
---------------------------------------
Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
Module supports only one card.
Module has no enable and index options.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-sb8
--------------
Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0, SoundBlaster 2.0,
SoundBlaster Pro
port
port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
dma8
DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
-----------------------------
Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
mic_agc
Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
csp
ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
port
port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
awe_port
base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660) (snd-sbawe
module only)
irq
IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
dma8
8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
dma16
16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
16-bit DMA channel.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-sc6000
-----------------
Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600 and
SC-7000.
port
Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
mss_port
MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
irq
IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq
MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
dma
DMA # (1,3,0)
joystick
Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
This module supports multiple cards.
This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
Module snd-sscape
-----------------
Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.
port
Port # (PnP setup)
wss_port
WSS Port # (PnP setup)
irq
IRQ # (PnP setup)
mpu_irq
MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
dma
DMA # (PnP setup)
dma2
2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
joystick
Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
--------------------------------------
Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
-------------------------------------
Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
-----------------------------------
Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-wavefront
--------------------
Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
use_cs4232_midi
Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
(inaccessibly located inside your computer)
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
cs4232_pcm_port
Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
cs4232_pcm_irq
IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
cs4232_mpu_port
Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
cs4232_mpu_irq
IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
ics2115_port
Port # for ICS2115
ics2115_irq
IRQ # for ICS2115
fm_port
FM OPL-3 Port #
dma1
DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
dma2
DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
wf_raw
Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no);
If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
fx_raw
Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes);
If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
when the driver is loaded. The default is to download the
microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
"default" operation, whatever that means.
debug_default
Debug parameters for card initialization
wait_usecs
How long to wait without sleeping, usecs (default:150);
This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
based on my limited experimentation.
If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
CPU.
Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
waits, only about 250 result in a sleep.
sleep_interval
How long to sleep when waiting for reply (default: 100)
sleep_tries
How many times to try sleeping during a wait (default: 50)
ospath
Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware (default:wavefront.os);
The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware. In the recent
version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
must be installed in the proper path, typically,
/lib/firmware.
reset_time
How long to wait for a reset to take effect (default:2)
ramcheck_time
How many seconds to wait for the RAM test (default:20)
osrun_time
How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS (default:10)
This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
Note: the firmware file ``wavefront.os`` was located in the earlier
version in /etc. Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
Module snd-sonicvibes
---------------------
Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
* PINE Schubert 32 PCI
reverb
Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default);
SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
mge
Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Module snd-serial-u16550
------------------------
Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
port
port # for UART16550A chip
irq
IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
speed
speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
38400 = default
base
base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
115200 = default
outs
number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
1 = default
adaptor
Type of adaptor.
0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
Module snd-trident
------------------
Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
* Best Union Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
* HIS 4DWave PCI
* Warpspeed ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
* AzTech PCI 64-Q3D
* Addonics SV 750
* CHIC True Sound 4Dwave
* Shark Predator4D-PCI
* Jaton SonicWave 4D
* SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
* Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX
pcm_channels
max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
wavetable_size
max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-ua101
----------------
Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
Module snd-usb-audio
--------------------
Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
vid
Vendor ID for the device (optional)
pid
Product ID for the device (optional)
nrpacks
Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
device_setup
Device specific magic number (optional);
Influence depends on the device
Default: 0x0000
ignore_ctl_error
Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer interface (default: no)
``ignore_ctl_error=1`` may help when you get an error at accessing
the mixer element such as URB error -22. This happens on some
buggy USB device or the controller. This workaround corresponds to
the ``quirk_flags`` bit 14, too.
autoclock
Enable auto-clock selection for UAC2 devices (default: yes)
lowlatency
Enable low latency playback mode (default: yes).
Could disable it to switch back to the old mode if face a regression.
quirk_alias
Quirk alias list, pass strings like ``0123abcd:5678beef``, which
applies the existing quirk for the device 5678:beef to a new
device 0123:abcd.
implicit_fb
Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode. When this is set
and the playback stream sync mode is ASYNC, the driver tries to
tie an adjacent ASYNC capture stream as the implicit feedback
source. This is equivalent with quirk_flags bit 17.
use_vmalloc
Use vmalloc() for allocations of the PCM buffers (default: yes).
For architectures with non-coherent memory like ARM or MIPS, the
mmap access may give inconsistent results with vmalloc'ed
buffers. If mmap is used on such architectures, turn off this
option, so that the DMA-coherent buffers are allocated and used
instead.
delayed_register
The option is needed for devices that have multiple streams
defined in multiple USB interfaces. The driver may invoke
registrations multiple times (once per interface) and this may
lead to the insufficient device enumeration.
This option receives an array of strings, and you can pass
ID:INTERFACE like ``0123abcd:4`` for performing the delayed
registration to the given device. In this example, when a USB
device 0123:abcd is probed, the driver waits the registration
until the USB interface 4 gets probed.
The driver prints a message like "Found post-registration device
assignment: 1234abcd:04" for such a device, so that user can
notice the need.
skip_validation
Skip unit descriptor validation (default: no).
The option is used to ignore the validation errors with the hexdump
of the unit descriptor instead of a driver probe error, so that we
can check its details.
quirk_flags
The option provides a refined and flexible control for applying quirk
flags. It allows to specify the quirk flags for each device, and can
be modified dynamically via sysfs.
The old usage accepts an array of integers, each of which applies quirk
flags on the device in the order of probing.
E.g., ``quirk_flags=0x01,0x02`` applies get_sample_rate to the first
device, and share_media_device to the second device.
The new usage accepts a string in the format of
``VID1:PID1:FLAGS1;VID2:PID2:FLAGS2;...``, where ``VIDx`` and ``PIDx``
specify the device, and ``FLAGSx`` specify the flags to be applied.
``VIDx`` and ``PIDx`` are 4-digit hexadecimal numbers, and can be
specified as ``*`` to match any value. ``FLAGSx`` can be a set of
flags given by name, separated by ``|``, or a hexadecimal number
representing the bit flags. The available flag names are listed below.
An exclamation mark can be prefixed to a flag name to negate the flag.
For example, ``1234:abcd:mixer_playback_min_mute|!ignore_ctl_error;*:*:0x01;``
applies the ``mixer_playback_min_mute`` flag and clears the
``ignore_ctl_error`` flag for the device 1234:abcd, and applies the
``skip_sample_rate`` flag for all devices.
* bit 0: ``get_sample_rate``
Skip reading sample rate for devices
* bit 1: ``share_media_device``
Create Media Controller API entries
* bit 2: ``align_transfer``
Allow alignment on audio sub-slot at transfer
* bit 3: ``tx_length``
Add length specifier to transfers
* bit 4: ``playback_first``
Start playback stream at first in implement feedback mode
* bit 5: ``skip_clock_selector``
Skip clock selector setup
* bit 6: ``ignore_clock_source``
Ignore errors from clock source search
* bit 7: ``itf_usb_dsd_dac``
Indicates ITF-USB DSD-based DACs
* bit 8: ``ctl_msg_delay``
Add a delay of 20ms at each control message handling
* bit 9: ``ctl_msg_delay_1m``
Add a delay of 1-2ms at each control message handling
* bit 10: ``ctl_msg_delay_5m``
Add a delay of 5-6ms at each control message handling
* bit 11: ``iface_delay``
Add a delay of 50ms at each interface setup
* bit 12: ``validate_rates``
Perform sample rate validations at probe
* bit 13: ``disable_autosuspend``
Disable runtime PM autosuspend
* bit 14: ``ignore_ctl_error``
Ignore errors for mixer access
* bit 15: ``dsd_raw``
Support generic DSD raw U32_BE format
* bit 16: ``set_iface_first``
Set up the interface at first like UAC1
* bit 17: ``generic_implicit_fb``
Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode
* bit 18: ``skip_implicit_fb``
Don't apply implicit feedback sync mode
* bit 19: ``iface_skip_close``
Don't close interface during setting sample rate
* bit 20: ``force_iface_reset``
Force an interface reset whenever stopping & restarting a stream
* bit 21: ``fixed_rate``
Do not set PCM rate (frequency) when only one rate is available
for the given endpoint
* bit 22: ``mic_res_16``
Set the fixed resolution 16 for Mic Capture Volume
* bit 23: ``mic_res_384``
Set the fixed resolution 384 for Mic Capture Volume
* bit 24: ``mixer_playback_min_mute``
Set minimum volume control value as mute for devices where the
lowest playback value represents muted state instead of minimum
audible volume
* bit 25: ``mixer_capture_min_mute``
Similar to bit 24 but for capture streams
* bit 26: ``skip_iface_setup``
Skip the probe-time interface setup (usb_set_interface,
init_pitch, init_sample_rate); redundant with
snd_usb_endpoint_prepare() at stream-open time
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
NB: ``nrpacks`` parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
Don't put the value over 20. Changing via sysfs has no sanity
check.
NB: ``ignore_ctl_error=1`` just provides a quick way to work around the
issues. If you have a buggy device that requires these quirks, please
report it to the upstream.
NB: ``quirk_alias`` option is provided only for testing / development.
If you want to have a proper support, contact to upstream for
adding the matching quirk in the driver code statically.
Ditto for ``quirk_flags``. If a device is known to require specific
workarounds, please report to the upstream.
Module snd-usb-caiaq
--------------------
Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
* Native Instruments RigKontrol2
* Native Instruments Kore Controller
* Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
* Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
Module snd-usb-usx2y
--------------------
Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
Note: you need to load the firmware via ``usx2yloader`` utility included
in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
Module snd-via82xx
------------------
Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233, 8233A,
8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
mpu_port
0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
[VIA686A/686B only]
joystick
Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
ac97_clock
AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
dxs_support
support DXS channels, 0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample rate and different
sample rates on different channels [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
ac97_quirk
AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
not be generated properly. In such a case, please try to
set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
default value 1.4. Then the interrupt number will be
assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
channels as the first PCM. On these channels, up to 4
streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
each channel.
As default (``dxs_support = 0``), 48k fixed rate is chosen
except for the known devices since the output is often
noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
bug of BIOS.
Please try once ``dxs_support=5`` and if it works on other
sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
``lspci -nv``).
If ``dxs_support=5`` does not work, try ``dxs_support=4``; if it
doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1. (dxs_support=1 is
usually for old motherboards. The correct implemented
board should work with 4 or 5.) If it still doesn't
work and the default setting is ok, ``dxs_support=3`` is the
right choice. If the default setting doesn't work at all,
try ``dxs_support=2`` to disable the DXS channels.
In any cases, please let us know the result and the
subsystem vendor/device ids. See `Links and Addresses`_
below.
Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
additionally. The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-via82xx-modem
------------------------
Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
ac97_clock
AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
slot is excluded.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-virmidi
------------------
Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
midi_devs
MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-virtuoso
-------------------
Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV66/AV100/AV200 chips,
i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, DSX, Essence ST (Deluxe),
Essence STX (II), HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), and HDAV1.3 Slim.
This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
Module snd-vx222
----------------
Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
mic
Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
ibl
Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
This module supports multiple cards.
When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package. To invoke
vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
::
install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222\
&& /usr/bin/vxloader
(for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add ``post-install /usr/bin/vxloader`` to
/etc/modules.conf, instead.)
IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM. The smaller size
gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
The size is usually aligned to 126. As default (=0), the smallest
size is chosen. The possible IBL values can be found in
/proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-vxpocket
-------------------
Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
ibl
Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
This module supports multiple cards. The module is compiled only when
PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf. See the
sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c. 2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
longer require a config file.
When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
ALSA 1.0.10.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-ymfpci
-----------------
Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
mpu_port
0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
fm_port
0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
joystick_port
0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
1 (auto-detect)
rear_switch
enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-pdaudiocf
--------------------
Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
The power-management is supported.
AC97 Quirk Option
=================
The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
snd-intel8x0. Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
specifications from version to version :-)
The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
but some might be unknown or wrongly detected. In such a case, pass
the proper value with this option.
The following strings are accepted:
default
Don't override the default setting
none
Disable the quirk
hp_only
Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
swap_hp
Swap headphone and master controls
swap_surround
Swap master and surround controls
ad_sharing
For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
alc_jack
For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
inv_eapd
Inverted EAPD implementation
mute_led
Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0, ...
are accepted, too.
For example, if ``Master`` volume control has no effect on your device
but only ``Headphone`` does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
============================
When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
supporting the isapnp cards will have module options ``isapnp``.
If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass ``isapnp=0`` option
together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
will be not built in.
Module Autoloading Support
==========================
The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
module aliases. The string ``snd-card-%1`` is requested for ALSA native
devices where ``%i`` is sound card number from zero to seven.
To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
``sound-slot-%i`` where ``%i`` means the slot number for OSS, which
corresponds to the card index of ALSA. Usually, define this
as the same card module.
An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
::
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
option ``cards_limit`` of snd module. As default it's set to 1.
To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
sound cards in that option.
When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
cards is kept consistent.
An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
::
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
# ALSA portion
options snd cards_limit=2
alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
options snd-interwave index=0
options snd-ens1371 index=1
# OSS/Free portion
alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
(index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
``slots`` option of snd module. In the case above, specify like the
following:
::
options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
the second (#1) for snd-ens1371. You can omit index option in each
driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
the same time as long as they don't conflict).
The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict. For example, in the
case above again, the first two slots are already reserved. If any
other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
modules but that name. For example, ``slots=!snd-pcsp`` will reserve
the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp.
ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
=======================================
::
/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp) -> minor 3
/dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp) -> minor 12
/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio1 -> minor 4+16 = 20
/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp1 -> minor 3+16 = 19
/dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp1 -> minor 12+16 = 28
/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio2 -> minor 4+32 = 36
/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp2 -> minor 3+32 = 39
/dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp2 -> minor 12+32 = 44
The first number from ``/dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p]`` expression means
sound card number and second means device number. The ALSA devices
have either ``c`` or ``p`` suffix indicating the direction, capture and
playback, respectively.
Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
options of snd-pcm-oss module.
Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
==============================
/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
-------------------------------
erase
erase all additional information about OSS applications
<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]
<app_name>
name of application with (higher priority) or without path
<fragments>
number of fragments or zero if auto
<fragment_size>
size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
<options>
optional parameters
disable
the application tries to open a pcm device for
this channel but does not want to use it.
(Cause a bug or mmap needs)
It's good for Quake etc...
direct
don't use plugins
block
force block mode (rvplayer)
non-block
force non-block mode
whole-frag
write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
playback only)
no-silence
do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
buggy-ptr
Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
instead of filled blocks
Example:
::
echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
Early Buffer Allocation
=======================
Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
actually loaded due to memory fragmentation. You can pre-allocate the
PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
``/etc/init.d/*.local`` scripts.
Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
usage of page allocation. In writing, you can send the following
commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
* add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs. They take
integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
MASK is the PCI DMA mask. Pass 0 if not restricted.
SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate. You can pass
k and m suffix for KB and MB. The max number is 16MB.
BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate. It must be greater
than 0. The max number is 4.
* erase
This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
use.
Links and Addresses
===================
ALSA project homepage
http://www.alsa-project.org
Kernel Bugzilla
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/
ALSA Developers ML
mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
alsa-info.sh script
https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
3. 한국어 전문 번역
영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.
Kernel에서 ALSA 기능 선택
1-28ALSA 지원을 활성화하려면 최소한 기본 sound card 지원인 `CONFIG_SOUND`를 포함해 kernel을 빌드해야 한다. ALSA는 OSS를 에뮬레이션할 수 있으므로 별도의 OSS module을 선택할 필요는 없다.
ALSA에서 OSS application을 실행하려면 `OSS API emulation`인 `CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL`과 OSS mixer 및 PCM 지원을 모두 활성화한다. SB Live! 같은 card의 WaveTable 기능이 필요하면 `Sequencer support`인 `CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER`도 활성화한다.
ALSA debug message를 더 자세히 출력하려면 `Verbose printk`와 `Debug`를 켠다. memory leak을 검사하려면 `Debug memory`도 활성화하고, card detection 과정에 검사를 추가하려면 `Debug detection`을 사용한다.
모든 ALSA ISA driver는 card가 ISA PnP를 지원하는 경우 Linux isapnp API를 지원한다. 따라서 `isapnptools`로 card를 별도 설정할 필요가 없다.
용도별로 필요한 kernel option과 효과를 정리한다.
필요한 기능만 단계적으로 kernel 구성에 추가한다.
==============================================================
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver Configuration guide
==============================================================
Kernel Configuration
====================
To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
primary sound card support (``CONFIG_SOUND``). Since ALSA can emulate
OSS, you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
Enable "OSS API emulation" (``CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL``) and both OSS mixer
and PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
(``CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER``).
To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
and "Debug" options. To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
too. "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
(if the card supports ISA PnP). You don't need to configure the cards
using isapnptools.
Module option과 다중 card 값
29-36사용자는 option을 지정해 module을 load할 수 있다. module이 card를 두 개 이상 지원하고 같은 종류의 card가 여러 장 있다면 option 값도 여러 개 지정할 수 있으며, 각 값은 comma로 구분한다.
하나의 driver에 여러 장치가 연결될 때 option 값을 instance 순서대로 나열한다.
Module parameters
=================
The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
Core ALSA module snd
37-62`snd`는 모든 ALSA card driver가 사용하는 core ALSA module이며, 여기에서 지정하는 option은 전체 시스템에 영향을 준다.
`major`는 sound driver의 major number이며 기본값은 `116`이다. `cards_limit`는 auto-loading에 사용할 card index 수를 1~8 범위로 제한하며 기본값은 `1`이다. card를 둘 이상 자동 load하려면 이 option을 `snd-card-X` alias와 함께 지정한다.
`slots`는 주어진 driver가 사용할 slot index를 예약한다. 이 option은 여러 string을 받을 수 있으며 자세한 내용은 `Module Autoloading Support` 절을 참조한다.
`debug`는 debug message level을 정한다. `0`은 출력을 끄고, `1`은 일반 debug message, `2`는 상세 debug message를 뜻한다. 이 option은 `CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y`일 때만 나타나며 `/sys/module/snd/parameters/debug`를 통해 동적으로 변경할 수 있다.
Core module이 제공하는 전역 설정과 기본값이다.
sysfs에서도 실행 중에 level을 변경할 수 있다.
Module snd
----------
The core ALSA module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
It takes the following options which have global effects.
major
major number for sound driver;
Default: 116
cards_limit
limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8);
Default: 1;
For auto-loading more than one card, specify this option
together with snd-card-X aliases.
slots
Reserve the slot index for the given driver;
This option takes multiple strings.
See `Module Autoloading Support`_ section for details.
debug
Specifies the debug message level;
(0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
2 = verbose debug messages);
This option appears only when ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y``.
This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
/sys/module/snd/parameters/debug file.
PCM OSS emulation과 device mapping
63-89`snd-pcm-oss`는 PCM OSS emulation module이며 device mapping을 바꾸는 option을 제공한다. `dsp_map`은 첫 번째 OSS device에 연결할 PCM device number이고 기본값은 `0`이다. `adsp_map`은 두 번째 OSS device에 연결할 PCM device number이며 기본값은 `1`이다.
예를 들어 `dsp_map=2`이면 `/dev/dsp`가 card #0의 PCM #2에 mapping된다. `adsp_map=0`이면 `/dev/adsp`가 card #0의 PCM #0에 mapping된다. 두 번째 이후 card의 mapping을 바꾸려면 `dsp_map=0,1`처럼 comma로 값을 나열한다.
`nonblock_open`은 busy PCM device를 열 때의 동작을 바꾸며 기본값은 `1`이다. 값이 0이 아니면 사용 중인 OSS PCM device를 여는 작업이 block되지 않고 `O_NONBLOCK` flag를 사용한 것처럼 즉시 `EAGAIN`을 반환한다.
OSS device와 ALSA PCM의 연결 및 open 동작을 설정한다.
Card #0에서 option이 만드는 device 연결을 보여 준다.
Module snd-pcm-oss
------------------
The PCM OSS emulation module.
This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
dsp_map
PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
Default: 0
adsp_map
PCM device number maps assigned to the 2nd OSS device;
Default: 1
nonblock_open
Don't block opening busy PCM devices;
Default: 1
For example, when ``dsp_map=2``, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
the card #0. Similarly, when ``adsp_map=0``, /dev/adsp will be mapped
to PCM #0 of the card #0.
For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
commas, such like ``dsp_map=0,1``.
``nonblock_open`` option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
regarding opening the device. When this option is non-zero,
opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
RawMIDI mapping과 SoC buffer
90-111`snd-rawmidi`는 `snd-pcm-oss`와 비슷하게 device mapping을 변경한다. `midi_map`은 첫 번째 OSS device에 할당할 MIDI device number로 기본값은 `0`이고, `amidi_map`은 두 번째 OSS device에 할당할 MIDI device number로 기본값은 `1`이다.
`snd-soc-core`는 모든 ALSA SoC card driver가 사용하는 core module이다. 전역 option인 `prealloc_buffer_size_kbytes`는 미리 할당할 buffer 크기를 kbytes 단위로 지정하며 기본값은 `512`이다.
MIDI mapping과 preallocated buffer 설정을 한눈에 정리한다.
Module snd-rawmidi
------------------
This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
midi_map
MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
Default: 0
amidi_map
MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2nd OSS device;
Default: 1
Module snd-soc-core
-------------------
The soc core module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
It takes the following options which have global effects.
prealloc_buffer_size_kbytes
Specify prealloc buffer size in kbytes (default: 512).
Top-level sound card 공통 parameter
112-148각 top-level sound card module은 `index`, `id`, `enable` option을 공통으로 받는다. `index`는 sound card의 index 또는 slot number다. 값은 `0`~`31` 또는 음수이며, 0 이상이면 해당 index를 직접 할당한다. 음수이면 허용 가능한 index의 bitmask로 해석하고 그중 첫 번째 빈 index를 할당한다. 기본값은 `-1`이다.
`id`는 card identifier 또는 name이다. 최대 15 characters이며 기본값은 card type이다. 이 이름으로 `/proc/asound/` 아래에 card 정보를 담는 directory가 만들어지고, card를 식별할 때 index number 대신 이 ID를 사용할 수 있다.
`enable`은 card 사용 여부를 정한다. PCI와 ISA PnP card에서는 기본적으로 enabled다. 이 공통 option들은 같은 driver에 여러 device가 연결됐을 때 instance 순서를 정하거나 각 device를 활성화·비활성화하는 데 사용한다.
예를 들어 HDMI/DP audio용 controller와 onboard analog용 controller를 함께 가진 시스템에서는 두 번째 controller를 첫 번째 card로 보이게 하고 싶을 수 있다. `index=1,0`을 지정하면 두 controller의 할당 slot이 바뀐다.
PulseAudio와 PipeWire처럼 동적 구성을 지원하는 sound backend가 보편화된 현재에는 이런 정적 순서 지정의 쓰임이 작지만, 과거의 static configuration에서는 유용했다.
Driver instance의 순서, 이름, 활성 상태를 제어한다.
두 controller의 기본 노출 순서를 module parameter로 뒤집는 예다.
Common parameters for top sound card modules
--------------------------------------------
Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
index
index (slot #) of sound card;
Values: 0 through 31 or negative;
If nonnegative, assign that index number;
if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible indices;
the first free permitted index is assigned;
Default: -1
id
card ID (identifier or name);
Can be up to 15 characters long;
Default: the card type;
A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
containing information about the card;
This ID can be used instead of the index number in
identifying the card
enable
enable card;
Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
These options are used for either specifying the order of instances or
controlling enabling and disabling of each one of the devices if there
are multiple devices bound with the same driver. For example, there are
many machines which have two HD-audio controllers (one for HDMI/DP
audio and another for onboard analog). In most cases, the second one is
in primary usage, and people would like to assign it as the first
appearing card. They can do it by specifying "index=1,0" module
parameter, which will swap the assignment slots.
Today, with the sound backend like PulseAudio and PipeWire which
supports dynamic configuration, it's of little use, but that was a
help for static configuration in the past.
snd-adlib: AdLib FM synthesis
149-182`snd-adlib`은 AdLib FM card용 module이다. `port`에는 OPL chip의 port number를 지정한다. 여러 card를 지원하지만 autoprobe는 지원하지 않으므로 port를 반드시 지정해야 하며, 실제 AdLib FM card에서는 보통 `0x388`이다.
이 card에는 PCM 지원과 mixer가 없고 FM synthesis만 제공한다. `alsa-tools` package의 `sbiload`를 준비한 뒤 module을 load하고 `sbiload -l`로 할당된 ALSA sequencer port number를 확인한다. 예시 출력에서는 `64:0`이 `OPL2 FM synth`의 `OPL2 FM Port`다.
`sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb`로 `std.sb`와 `drums.sb` patch를 load한다. OPL3를 구동한다면 대신 `std.o3`와 `drums.o3`를 사용할 수 있다. 실제 소리를 내려면 `alsa-utils`의 `aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid`처럼 MIDI file을 재생한다.
Autoprobe가 없으므로 OPL port와 sequencer patch 절차가 필요하다.
Module snd-adlib
----------------
Module for AdLib FM cards.
port
port # for OPL chip
This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
synthesis.
Make sure you have ``sbiload`` from the alsa-tools package available and,
after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
number through ``sbiload -l``.
Example output:
::
Port Client name Port name
64:0 OPL2 FM synth OPL2 FM Port
Load the ``std.sb`` and ``drums.sb`` patches also supplied by ``sbiload``:
::
sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use ``std.o3`` and ``drums.o3``
instead. To have the card produce sound, use ``aplaymidi`` from alsa-utils:
::
aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
snd-ad1816a: AD1816A·AD1815 ISA
183-192`snd-ad1816a`는 Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. `clockfreq`는 AD1816A chip의 clock frequency를 지정하며 기본값 `0`은 `33000Hz`를 뜻한다. 여러 card, autoprobe와 PnP를 지원한다.
Clock 설정과 탐지 지원 범위를 정리한다.
Module snd-ad1816a
------------------
Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
clockfreq
Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
snd-ad1848: AD1848 계열 ISA
193-209`snd-ad1848`은 AD1848, AD1847, CS4248 ISA chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. `port`는 AD1848 chip의 port, `irq`는 IRQ number, `dma1`은 AD1848의 DMA channel을 지정하며 DMA 값은 `0`, `1`, `3` 중 하나다.
여러 card를 지원하지만 autoprobe는 지원하지 않으므로 main port를 반드시 지정해야 한다. 나머지 port는 선택 사항이며 power-management를 지원한다.
Autoprobe 없이 ISA resource를 직접 지정한다.
Module snd-ad1848
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
port
port # for AD1848 chip
irq
IRQ # for AD1848 chip
dma1
DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe
thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
The power-management is supported.
snd-ad1889: Analog Devices AD1889
210-220`snd-ad1889`은 Analog Devices AD1889 chip용 module이다. `ac97_quirk`는 특이한 hardware를 위한 AC'97 workaround를 선택하며 자세한 내용은 `snd-intel8x0` 설명을 참조한다. 여러 card를 지원한다.
AD1889의 hardware workaround와 card 지원 범위다.
Module snd-ad1889
-----------------
Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
ac97_quirk
AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-ali5451: ALi M5451 PCI
221-235`snd-ali5451`은 ALi M5451 PCI chip용 module이다. `pcm_channels`는 PCM에 할당할 hardware channel 수를 지정한다. `spdif`는 SPDIF I/O 지원을 제어하며 기본값은 disabled다.
이 module은 chip 하나와 autoprobe를 지원하고 power-management도 제공한다.
PCM channel과 디지털 입출력을 설정한다.
Module snd-ali5451
------------------
Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
pcm_channels
Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
spdif
Support SPDIF I/O;
Default: disabled
This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-als100: ALS100·ALS120 ISA
236-244`snd-als100`은 Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. 여러 card와 autoprobe, PnP를 지원하며 power-management도 지원한다.
별도 module option 없이 탐지와 전원 관리를 제공한다.
Module snd-als100
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
The power-management is supported.
snd-als300: ALS300·ALS300+
245-253`snd-als300`은 Avance Logic ALS300 및 ALS300+용 module이다. 여러 card와 power-management를 지원한다.
지원 장치와 공통 기능을 정리한다.
Module snd-als300
-----------------
Module for Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
This module supports multiple cards.
The power-management is supported.
snd-als4000: ALS4000 PCI
254-266`snd-als4000`은 Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. `joystick_port`는 legacy joystick 지원용 port를 지정한다. `0`은 disabled이며 기본값이고, `1`은 auto-detect를 뜻한다.
여러 card와 autoprobe, PnP, power-management를 지원한다.
Legacy joystick port와 탐지 지원을 정리한다.
Module snd-als4000
------------------
Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
joystick_port
port # for legacy joystick support;
0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
The power-management is supported.
snd-asihpi: AudioScience ASI
267-277`snd-asihpi`는 AudioScience ASI soundcard용 module이다. `enable_hpi_hwdep`로 AudioScience soundcard의 HPI hwdep를 활성화한다. 여러 card를 지원하며 driver를 사용하려면 kernel의 firmware loader 지원이 필요하다.
HPI hardware-dependent interface와 firmware 의존성을 정리한다.
Module snd-asihpi
-----------------
Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards
enable_hpi_hwdep
enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-atiixp: ATI IXP AC97
278-304`snd-atiixp`는 ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controller용 module이다. `ac97_clock`은 AC'97 clock을 지정하며 기본값은 `48000`이다. `ac97_quirk`는 특이한 hardware용 AC'97 workaround이며 아래 `AC97 Quirk Option` 절을 참조한다.
`ac97_codec`은 probe 대신 사용할 AC'97 codec을 지정하는 workaround다. `-2`는 probing 강제, `-1`은 기본 동작, `0`~`2`는 지정 codec 사용이다. 이 설정으로 문제가 해결된다면 `lspci -vn` 출력과 함께 bug를 보고해야 한다.
`spdif_aclink`는 AC-link를 통한 S/PDIF 전송을 선택하며 기본값은 `1`이다. ATI IXP는 AC-link와 direct SPDIF output이라는 두 방식으로 SPDIF를 제어한다. motherboard 구현에 맞는 방식을 `spdif_aclink`로 선택해야 한다.
이 module은 card 하나와 autoprobe, power-management를 지원한다.
AC'97와 S/PDIF 구현 차이를 조정한다.
Module snd-atiixp
-----------------
Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
ac97_clock
AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
ac97_quirk
AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
ac97_codec
Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec instead of probing.
If this works for you file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
(-2 = Force probing, -1 = Default behavior, 0-2 = Use the
specified codec.)
spdif_aclink
S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output. One is
over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output. The
implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
The power-management is supported.
snd-atiixp-modem: ATI IXP AC97 modem
305-316`snd-atiixp-modem`은 ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controller용 module이다. card 하나와 autoprobe를 지원한다. 기본 `index` 값은 `-2`이므로 첫 번째 slot은 제외된다. power-management를 지원한다.
Modem controller의 slot 정책과 지원 기능이다.
Module snd-atiixp-modem
-----------------------
Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
slot is excluded.
The power-management is supported.
snd-au8810·snd-au8820·snd-au8830: Aureal Vortex
317-343`snd-au8810`, `snd-au8820`, `snd-au8830`은 Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 및 Advantage device용 module이다. `pcifix`는 PCI workaround를 제어한다. `0`은 모두 비활성화하고, `1`은 Aureal card의 PCI latency를 `0xff`로 강제한다.
`pcifix=2`는 VIA KT133 AGP Bridge에서 dummy request를 효율적으로 처리하도록 `Extend PCI#2 Internal Master`를 강제하고, `3`은 두 설정을 모두 적용한다. 기본값 `255`는 필요한 workaround를 자동 탐지한다.
모든 ADB PCM channel, AC97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware EQ, mpu401과 gameport를 지원한다. A3D와 wavetable은 아직 개발 중이며 개발과 reverse engineering은 `https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/`에서 조정된다.
`spdif` PCM device로 raw data passthru를 사용하지 않는 한 SPDIF output은 AC97 codec output의 복사본이다. Hardware EQ와 SPDIF는 Vortex2 및 Advantage에만 있다. 일부 ALSA mixer가 SPDIF sample rate control을 올바르게 처리하지 못하면 `alsamixer` 같은 다른 ALSA 호환 mixer를 사용한다.
PCI platform별 workaround 선택을 보존한다.
Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
-----------------------------------------
Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
pcifix
Control PCI workarounds;
0 = Disable all workarounds,
1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff,
2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge,
3 = Force both settings,
255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
``spdif`` pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
Advantage.
Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
snd-azt1605: Aztech Sound Galaxy
344-385`snd-azt1605`는 Aztech AZT1605 chipset 기반 Sound Galaxy card용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하지만 autoprobe가 없으므로 `port`, `wss_port`, `irq`, `dma1`을 반드시 지정하고 나머지는 선택적으로 지정한다.
`port`는 BASE `0x220`, `0x240`, `0x260`, `0x280`, `wss_port`는 WSS `0x530`, `0x604`, `0xe80`, `0xf40` 중 하나다. `irq`는 WSS용 `7`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `dma1`은 playback용 `0`, `1`, `3`이다. Capture용 `dma2`는 `0`, `1`이며 기본 `-1`은 disabled다.
MPU-401 UART의 `mpu_port`는 `0x300` 또는 `0x330`, `mpu_irq`는 `3`, `5`, `7`, `9`이고 둘 다 기본 `-1`은 disabled다. OPL3 `fm_port`는 `0x388`이며 기본 `-1`은 disabled다.
`port`는 card의 BASE ADDRESS jumper 또는 EEPROM을 가진 card가 `CONFIG MODE` jumper를 `EEPROM SETTING`으로 둔 경우 EEPROM 값과 일치해야 한다. `dma2`가 지정되고 `dma1`과 다르면 full-duplex로 동작한다. `dma1=3`이면 capture channel이 0과 1뿐이므로 capture를 켜는 유효한 설정은 `dma2=0`뿐이다.
일반 설정은 `port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0 mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388`이다. 선택한 IRQ와 DMA channel은 BIOS에서 legacy ISA용으로 예약해야 한다.
필수 resource와 선택 기능의 허용 값을 정리한다.
Module snd-azt1605
------------------
Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT1605
chipset.
port
port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
wss_port
port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
irq
IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
dma1
DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
dma2
DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (3,5,7,9), -1 = disabled (default)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
The other values are optional.
``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
legacy ISA in your BIOS.
snd-azt2316: Aztech Sound Galaxy
386-427`snd-azt2316`은 Aztech AZT2316 chipset 기반 Sound Galaxy card용 module이다. `port`, `wss_port`, `irq`, `dma1`의 허용 값과 필수 지정, `dma2`의 full-duplex 제약, EEPROM·jumper 조건과 BIOS legacy ISA 예약은 AZT1605와 같다.
차이는 MPU-401 UART의 `mpu_irq` 허용 값이 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`이라는 점이다. `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x330`, OPL3 `fm_port`는 `0x388`이고 선택 option의 기본 `-1`은 disabled다.
일반 설정은 `port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0 mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388`이다. 여러 card를 지원하지만 autoprobe는 지원하지 않는다.
AZT1605와 동일한 기본 resource에 MPU IRQ 차이를 반영한다.
Module snd-azt2316
------------------
Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT2316
chipset.
port
port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
wss_port
port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
irq
IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
dma1
DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
dma2
DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10), -1 = disabled (default)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
The other values are optional.
``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
legacy ISA in your BIOS.
snd-aw2: Audiowerk2
428-434`snd-aw2`는 Audiowerk2 sound card용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
추가 module option 없이 multiple-card 지원을 제공한다.
Module snd-aw2
--------------
Module for Audiowerk2 sound card
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-azt2320: AZT2320 ISA PnP
435-443`snd-azt2320`은 Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip 기반 sound card용이며 PnP card만 지원한다. 여러 card, PnP, autoprobe와 power-management를 지원한다.
PnP 전용 AZT2320의 탐지와 전원 관리 범위다.
Module snd-azt2320
------------------
Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-azt3328: AZF3328 PCI
444-453`snd-azt3328`은 Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. `joystick` option으로 joystick을 활성화하며 기본값은 off다. 여러 card를 지원한다.
PCI card의 joystick 기능을 선택한다.
Module snd-azt3328
------------------
Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
joystick
Enable joystick (default off)
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-bt87x: Bt87x video card audio
454-468`snd-bt87x`는 Bt87x chip 기반 video card용 module이다. `digital_rate`로 기본 digital rate를 Hz 단위로 덮어쓰고, `load_all`은 card model을 알 수 없어도 driver를 load하게 한다.
여러 card를 지원한다. 기본 `index` 값은 `-2`이므로 첫 번째 slot은 제외된다.
알 수 없는 model과 digital sample rate를 제어한다.
Module snd-bt87x
----------------
Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
digital_rate
Override the default digital rate (Hz)
load_all
Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
This module supports multiple cards.
Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
slot is excluded.
snd-ca0106: Audigy LS·SB Live 24bit
469-476`snd-ca0106`은 Creative Audigy LS와 SB Live 24bit용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
지원 제품군과 card 수를 정리한다.
Module snd-ca0106
-----------------
Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-cmi8330: C-Media CMI8330 ISA
477-511`snd-cmi8330`은 C-Media CMI8330 ISA chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. `isapnp`는 ISA PnP detection을 제어하며 `0`은 disable, 기본값 `1`은 enable이다.
`isapnp=0`이면 WSS용 `wssport`, `wssirq`, `wssdma`와 SB16용 `sbport`, `sbirq`, `sbdma8`, `sbdma16`을 직접 지정한다. 선택적으로 OPL3 `fmport`, MPU401 `mpuport`와 `mpuirq`도 지정할 수 있다.
여러 card와 autoprobe, power-management를 지원한다.
ISA PnP를 끈 경우 WSS와 SB16 양쪽 resource를 지정한다.
Module snd-cmi8330
------------------
Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
wssport
port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
wssirq
IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
wssdma
first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
sbport
port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
sbirq
IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
sbdma8
8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
sbdma16
16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
fmport
(optional) OPL3 I/O port
mpuport
(optional) MPU401 I/O port
mpuirq
(optional) MPU401 irq #
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-cmipci: CMI8338·8738·8768·8770 PCI
512-535`snd-cmipci`는 C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound card용 module이다. `mpu_port`는 8338의 MIDI interface address로 `0x300`, `0x310`, `0x320`, `0x330`은 legacy port, `1`은 integrated PCI port이며 8738의 기본값, `0`은 disable이다.
`fm_port`는 8x38의 OPL-3 FM synthesizer address다. `0x388`은 legacy port, `1`은 8738에서 기본인 integrated PCI port, `0`은 disable이다. `soft_ac3`는 model 033에서 raw SPDIF packet을 software로 변환하며 기본값은 `1`이다. `joystick_port`는 `0`으로 disable하거나 `1`로 auto-detect한다.
Autoprobe와 여러 card, power-management를 지원한다.
Legacy와 integrated port 및 SPDIF 변환을 설정한다.
Module snd-cmipci
-----------------
Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
mpu_port
port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
0 = disable
fm_port
port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
0x388 = legacy port,
1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
0 = disable
soft_ac3
Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only) (default = 1)
joystick_port
Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
The power-management is supported.
snd-cs4231: CS4231 ISA
536-558`snd-cs4231`은 CS4231 ISA chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. `port`, `irq`, 첫 번째·두 번째 DMA인 `dma1`, `dma2`를 지정한다. 선택적인 MPU-401 UART에는 `mpu_port`와 `mpu_irq`를 사용하며 `mpu_port=-1`은 disable이다.
여러 card를 지원하지만 autoprobe는 없으므로 main `port`를 반드시 지정해야 한다. 나머지 port는 선택 사항이며 power-management를 지원한다.
Main codec와 선택적 MPU-401 resource를 분리한다.
Module snd-cs4231
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
port
port # for CS4231 chip
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
irq
IRQ # for CS4231 chip
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
dma1
first DMA # for CS4231 chip
dma2
second DMA # for CS4231 chip
This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
The power-management is supported.
snd-cs4236: CS423x ISA
559-595`snd-cs4236`은 CS4232/CS4232A, CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chip 기반 card용이다. `isapnp`의 기본값 `1`은 ISA PnP detection을 활성화하고 `0`은 끈다.
`isapnp=0`이면 `port`(PnP setup `0x534`)와 control `cport`(`0x120`, `0x210`, `0xf00`)를 지정한다. MPU-401 `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, FM `fm_port`는 `0x388`이며 둘 다 `-1`로 disable할 수 있다.
Codec `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `11`, `12`, `15`, `mpu_irq`는 `9`, `11`, `12`, `15`다. `dma1`과 `dma2`는 `0`, `1`, `3`이며 `dma2=-1`은 disable이다. ISA PnP를 쓰지 않으면 autoprobe가 없으므로 main port와 control port를 반드시 지정해야 한다.
여러 card와 power-management를 지원한다. 이전 `snd-cs4232` 기능도 제공하므로 `snd-cs4232` alias로도 등록된다.
직접 지정해야 하는 codec·control·MIDI·FM resource다.
Module snd-cs4236
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
cport
control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
fm_port
FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
irq
IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
dma1
first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
dma2
second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
(if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
specified!!! Other ports are optional.
The power-management is supported.
This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
snd-cs4232 functionality, too.
snd-cs4281: Cirrus Logic CS4281
596-607`snd-cs4281`은 Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip용 module이다. `dual_codec`은 secondary codec ID를 지정하며 기본값 `0`은 disable이다. 여러 card와 power-management를 지원한다.
두 번째 codec 사용 여부를 지정한다.
Module snd-cs4281
-----------------
Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
dual_codec
Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
This module supports multiple cards.
The power-management is supported.
snd-cs46xx: CS46xx PCI
608-627`snd-cs46xx`는 CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. `external_amp`는 external amplifier를 강제로 활성화하고, `thinkpad`는 ThinkPad의 CLKRUN control을 강제로 활성화한다. `mmap_valid`는 OSS mmap mode를 지원하며 기본값은 `0`이다.
여러 card와 autoprobe를 지원한다. External amp와 CLKRUN은 보통 PCI sub-vendor/device ID에서 자동 탐지되며 동작하지 않을 때만 option을 명시한다. power-management를 지원한다.
자동 탐지가 실패한 platform 기능을 강제로 켠다.
Module snd-cs46xx
-----------------
Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
external_amp
Force to enable external amplifier.
thinkpad
Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
mmap_valid
Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
from PCI sub vendor/device ids. If they don't work, give the options
above explicitly.
The power-management is supported.
snd-cs5530: Geode 5530
628-632`snd-cs5530`은 Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip용 module이다.
지원 chipset을 명시한다.
Module snd-cs5530
-----------------
Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
snd-cs5535audio: CS5535 companion
633-639`snd-cs5535audio`는 multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device용 module이며 power-management를 지원한다.
대상 device와 전원 관리 지원이다.
Module snd-cs5535audio
----------------------
Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
The power-management is supported.
snd-ctxfi: Sound Blaster X-Fi
640-665`snd-ctxfi`는 20k1/20k2 chip 기반 Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi board용 module이다. Titanium Fatal1ty Champion·Professional, Titanium Professional Audio, Titanium, Elite Pro, Platinum, Fatal1ty, XtremeGamer, XtremeMusic을 지원한다.
`reference_rate`는 reference sample rate를 `44100` 또는 기본값 `48000`으로 지정한다. `multiple`은 reference sample rate의 배수를 `1` 또는 기본값 `2`로 정한다.
`subsystem`은 probing에 사용할 PCI SSID를 override한다. 값은 `SSVID << 16 | SSDID`로 구성하며 기본값 `0`은 override하지 않음을 뜻한다. 여러 card를 지원한다.
X-Fi의 reference clock과 PCI subsystem 식별을 제어한다.
Module snd-ctxfi
----------------
Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
reference_rate
reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
multiple
multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
subsystem
override the PCI SSID for probing;
the value consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID.
The default is zero, which means no override.
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-darla20: Echoaudio Darla20
666-673`snd-darla20`은 Echoaudio Darla20용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 driver를 사용하려면 kernel의 firmware loader 지원이 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성을 정리한다.
Module snd-darla20
------------------
Module for Echoaudio Darla20
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-darla24: Echoaudio Darla24
674-681`snd-darla24`는 Echoaudio Darla24용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader 지원이 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성을 정리한다.
Module snd-darla24
------------------
Module for Echoaudio Darla24
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-dt019x: DT-019X·ALS-007
682-692`snd-dt019x`는 Diamond Technologies DT-019X 또는 Avance Logic ALS-007용 module이며 PnP card만 지원한다. 여러 card를 지원하지만 ISA PnP 지원이 활성화된 경우에만 module을 사용할 수 있다. power-management를 지원한다.
PnP 전용 legacy card의 kernel 의존성을 나타낸다.
Module snd-dt019x
-----------------
Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
only)
This module supports multiple cards. This module is enabled only with
ISA PnP support.
The power-management is supported.
snd-dummy: 가상 sound card
693-723`snd-dummy`는 실제 input이나 output을 수행하지 않는 dummy sound card module이다. RealPlayer처럼 sound card를 요구하는 application을 실행할 때 사용할 수 있다.
`pcm_devs`는 card마다 만들 PCM device 수이며 기본 `1`, 최대 `4`다. `pcm_substreams`는 PCM마다 할당할 substream 수이며 기본 `8`, 최대 `128`이다. `hrtimer=1`은 기본 high-resolution timer를, `0`은 system timer를 사용한다. `fake_buffer` 기본값은 `1`이다.
PCM device를 여러 개 만들면 device 0은 interleaved+mmap, 1은 non-interleaved+mmap, 2는 interleaved without mmap, 3은 non-interleaved without mmap으로 서로 다르게 동작한다.
기본적으로 실제 buffer를 할당하지 않고 read/write를 무시하거나 모든 buffer page에 dummy page 하나를 mmap해 resource를 절약한다. Application이 읽고 쓴 buffer data의 일관성을 필요로 하면 `fake_buffer=0`을 지정한다. power-management를 지원한다.
PCM 번호별 interleaving과 mmap 조합이다.
Module snd-dummy
----------------
Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
or input, but you may use this module for any application which
requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
pcm_devs
Number of PCM devices assigned to each card (default = 1, up to 4)
pcm_substreams
Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM (default = 8, up to 128)
hrtimer
Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
fake_buffer
Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)
When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
behavior to each PCM device:
* 0 = interleaved with mmap support
* 1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
* 2 = interleaved without mmap
* 3 = non-interleaved without mmap
As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
buffer pages, in order to save the resources. If your apps need
the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
option.
The power-management is supported.
snd-echo3g: Gina3G·Layla3G
724-731`snd-echo3g`는 Echoaudio 3G card인 Gina3G와 Layla3G용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
지원 model과 firmware 의존성이다.
Module snd-echo3g
-----------------
Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-emu10k1: EMU10K1·EMU10K2 PCI
732-774`snd-emu10k1`은 EMU10K1/EMU10K2 기반 PCI sound card용 module이다. Sound Blaster Live!, Sound Blaster PCI 512, Sound Blaster Audigy, 일부 지원되는 E-MU APS와 E-MU DAS를 대상으로 한다.
`extin`과 `extout`은 FX8010에서 사용할 수 있는 external input과 output의 bitmap이다. `seq_ports`는 sequencer port 수이며 기본 `4`, `max_synth_voices`는 wavetable voice 제한으로 기본 `64`, `max_buffer_size`는 wavetable/PCM buffer 최대 크기(MB)로 기본 `128`이다. `enable_ir`은 IR을 활성화한다.
여러 card와 autoprobe, power-management를 지원한다. 원문은 card의 Digital out, Digital CD in, LiveDrive, Digital I/O 2, 5.1 구성에 따라 `extin/extout` bitmap을 제시한다.
대표 Creative 구성의 FX8010 bitmap을 보존한다.
Module snd-emu10k1
------------------
Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
* Sound Blaster Live!
* Sound Blaster PCI 512
* Sound Blaster Audigy
* E-MU APS (partially supported)
* E-MU DAS
extin
bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see below)
extout
bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see below)
seq_ports
allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
max_synth_voices
limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
max_buffer_size
specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers given in MB
unit. Default value is 128.
enable_ir
enable IR
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Input & Output configurations [extin/extout]
* Creative Card wo/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f03]
* Creative Card w/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card w/Digital CD in [0x000f/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
* Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
* Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
* Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
* Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003 [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
* Creative Card all ins and outs [0x3fff/0x7fff]
The power-management is supported.
snd-emu10k1x: SB Live Dell OEM
775-781`snd-emu10k1x`는 Creative Emu10k1X, 즉 SB Live Dell OEM version용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
OEM variant의 지원 범위다.
Module snd-emu10k1x
-------------------
Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-ens1370: Ensoniq ES1370
782-796`snd-ens1370`은 Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI card용이며 SoundBlaster PCI 64와 PCI 128을 지원한다. `joystick`은 joystick을 활성화하고 기본값은 off다. 여러 card, autoprobe, power-management를 지원한다.
ES1370의 joystick과 자동 탐지를 정리한다.
Module snd-ens1370
------------------
Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
* SoundBlaster PCI 64
* SoundBlaster PCI 128
joystick
Enable joystick (default off)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-ens1371: Ensoniq ES1371
797-813`snd-ens1371`은 Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI card용이며 SoundBlaster PCI 64, PCI 128, Vibra PCI를 지원한다. `joystick_port`는 `0x200`, `0x208`, `0x210`, `0x218` 중 하나이며 `0`은 disable(기본값), `1`은 auto-detect다.
여러 card, autoprobe, power-management를 지원한다.
Legacy joystick address와 자동 탐지를 선택한다.
Module snd-ens1371
------------------
Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
* SoundBlaster PCI 64
* SoundBlaster PCI 128
* SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
joystick_port
port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218), 0 = disable
(default), 1 = auto-detect
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-es1688: ESS ES-1688·ES-688
814-839`snd-es1688`은 ESS AudioDrive ES-1688과 ES-688 card용 module이다. `isapnp` 기본값 `1`은 ISA PnP detection을 켜고 `0`은 끈다. MPU-401 `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x310`, `0x320`, `0x330`이며 기본 `-1`은 disable, `mpu_irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`이다. 선택적 `fm_port`는 OPL3 port이며 기본적으로 같은 port를 공유한다.
`isapnp=0`이면 ES-1688 `port`를 `0x220`, `0x240`, `0x260`, `irq`를 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `dma8`을 `0`, `1`, `3` 중에서 직접 지정한다. 여러 card를 지원하며 MPU-401 port를 제외한 autoprobe와 ES968 chip의 PnP를 지원한다.
PnP 상태에 따른 MIDI와 codec resource를 구분한다.
Module snd-es1688
-----------------
Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following additional options are available:
port
port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
dma8
DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port)
and PnP with the ES968 chip.
snd-es18xx: ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx
840-868`snd-es18xx`는 ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx card용 module이다. `isapnp=0`이면 chip `port`(`0x220`, `0x240`, `0x260`), MPU-401 `mpu_port`(`0x300`~`0x330`, 기본 `-1` disable), 선택적 미사용 FM `fm_port`, `irq`(`5`, `7`, `9`, `10`), `dma1`과 `dma2`(`0`, `1`, `3`)를 지정한다.
여러 card, ISA PnP와 autoprobe를 지원한다. Native ISA PnP routine을 사용하지 않으면 MPU-401 port는 autoprobe하지 않는다. `dma2`와 `dma1`이 같으면 driver는 half-duplex로 동작한다. power-management를 지원한다.
ISA PnP를 끈 경우 필요한 resource와 duplex 조건이다.
Module snd-es18xx
-----------------
Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
fm_port
port # for FM (optional, not used)
irq
IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
dma2
first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
When ``dma2`` is equal with ``dma1``, the driver works as half-duplex.
The power-management is supported.
snd-es1938: ESS Solo-1
869-877`snd-es1938`은 ESS Solo-1 ES1938/ES1946 chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. 여러 card, autoprobe와 power-management를 지원한다.
Solo-1의 자동 탐지와 전원 관리 범위다.
Module snd-es1938
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-es1968: ESS Maestro
878-901`snd-es1968`은 ESS Maestro-1/2/2E(ES1968/ES1978) 기반 card용 module이다. `total_bufsize`는 전체 buffer 크기 `1`~`4096kB`, `pcm_substreams_p`는 playback channel `1`~`8`(기본 `2`), `pcm_substreams_c`는 capture channel `1`~`8`(기본 `0`)이다.
`clock=0`은 clock auto-detection이다. `use_pm`은 `0` off, `1` on, 기본 `2` auto이고, `enable_mpu`도 같은 `0`/`1`/`2` 방식으로 MPU401을 제어한다. `joystick`은 기본 off다. 여러 card, autoprobe와 power-management를 지원한다.
Buffer·stream·clock·전원·MIDI를 조정한다.
Module snd-es1968
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
total_bufsize
total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
pcm_substreams_p
playback channels (1-8, default=2)
pcm_substreams_c
capture channels (1-8, default=0)
clock
clock (0 = auto-detection)
use_pm
support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
enable_mpu
enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
joystick
enable joystick (default off)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-fm801: ForteMedia FM801
902-918`snd-fm801`은 ForteMedia FM801 기반 PCI sound card용 module이다. `tea575x_tuner`는 TEA575x tuner를 활성화하며 `1`은 MediaForte 256-PCS, `2`는 256-PCPR, `3`은 64-PCR이다.
상위 16bit에는 video(radio) device number에 1을 더한 값을 넣는다. 예를 들어 `0x10002`는 MediaForte 256-PCPR의 device 1이다. 여러 card, autoprobe와 power-management를 지원한다.
Board type과 상위 16bit device 표현을 정리한다.
Module snd-fm801
----------------
Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
tea575x_tuner
Enable TEA575x tuner;
1 = MediaForte 256-PCS,
2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR,
3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1;
example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-gina20: Echoaudio Gina20
919-926`snd-gina20`은 Echoaudio Gina20용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader 지원이 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성을 정리한다.
Module snd-gina20
-----------------
Module for Echoaudio Gina20
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-gina24: Echoaudio Gina24
927-934`snd-gina24`는 Echoaudio Gina24용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader 지원이 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성을 정리한다.
Module snd-gina24
-----------------
Module for Echoaudio Gina24
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-gusclassic: Gravis UltraSound Classic
935-956`snd-gusclassic`은 Gravis UltraSound Classic용 module이다. GF1 `port`는 `0x220`~`0x260`, `irq`는 `3`, `5`, `9`, `11`, `12`, `15`, `dma1`과 `dma2`는 `1`, `3`, `5`, `6`, `7`이며 `dma2=-1`은 disable이다.
`joystick_dac`는 `0`~`31`이며 전압 범위는 `0.59V-4.52V` 또는 `0.389V-2.98V`다. `voices`는 GF1 voice limit `14`~`32`, `pcm_voices`는 예약 PCM voice 수다. 여러 card와 autoprobe를 지원한다.
GF1의 port·IRQ·DMA·voice 설정이다.
Module snd-gusclassic
---------------------
Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
port
port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
dma1
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
dma2
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
voices
GF1 voices limit (14-32)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
snd-gusextreme: UltraSound Extreme
957-986`snd-gusextreme`은 Gravis UltraSound Extreme(Synergy ViperMax)용 module이다. ES-1688 `port`는 `0x220`~`0x260`, GF1 `gf1_port`는 `0x210`~`0x270`, MPU-401 `mpu_port`는 `0x300`~`0x330`이며 `-1`로 disable할 수 있다.
ES-1688 `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, GF1 `gf1_irq`는 `3`, `5`, `9`, `11`, `12`, `15`, `mpu_irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`이다. `dma8`은 `0`, `1`, `3`, GF1 `dma1`은 `1`, `3`, `5`, `6`, `7`이다.
`joystick_dac`, `voices`, `pcm_voices` 의미는 GUS Classic과 같다. 여러 card와 MPU-401 port를 제외한 autoprobe를 지원한다.
ES-1688, GF1, MPU-401 resource를 구분한다.
Module snd-gusextreme
---------------------
Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
port
port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
gf1_port
port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
irq
IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
gf1_irq
IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
dma8
DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
dma1
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
voices
GF1 voices limit (14-32)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
snd-gusmax: Gravis UltraSound MAX
987-1008`snd-gusmax`는 Gravis UltraSound MAX용 module이다. GF1 `port`는 `0x220`~`0x260`, `irq`는 `3`, `5`, `9`, `11`, `12`, `15`, `dma1`과 `dma2`는 `1`, `3`, `5`, `6`, `7`이며 `dma2=-1`은 disable이다.
`joystick_dac`는 `0`~`31`, `voices`는 GF1 voice limit `14`~`32`, `pcm_voices`는 예약 PCM voice 수다. 여러 card와 autoprobe를 지원한다.
UltraSound MAX의 GF1 resource와 voice 설정이다.
Module snd-gusmax
-----------------
Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
port
port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
dma1
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
dma2
DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
voices
GF1 voices limit (14-32)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
snd-hda-intel: Intel HD Audio
1009-1138`snd-hda-intel`은 Intel ICH6~ICH10, PCH, SCH, ATI SB450/SB600 및 R600·RS/RV 계열, VIA VT8251/VT8237A, SIS966, ULI M5461 등의 HD Audio controller용 module이다. Card instance마다 `model`, `position_fix`, `probe_mask`, `probe_only`, `bdl_pos_adj`, `patch`, `beep_mode`를 지정할 수 있다.
`position_fix`는 DMA pointer 계산 방식을 고른다. `-1`은 controller hardware에 맞춘 system default, `0`은 POSBUF 실패 시 LPIB로 fallback하는 auto, `1`은 LPIB, `2`는 position buffer, `3`은 VIA capture workaround, `4`는 playback에 LPIB와 capture에 auto를 쓰는 COMBO, `5`는 최근 Intel chip의 delay 계산, `6`은 최근 AMD chip의 fixed FIFO size 보정이다.
`probe_mask` 기본값 `-1`은 모든 codec slot을 probe한다. Bit 8(`0x100`)을 세우면 하위 8bit를 hardware 응답과 무관하게 probe할 fixed codec slot로 사용한다. `probe_only`는 codec 초기화 없이 probe만 수행해 초기 상태 debug에 쓴다. `bdl_pos_adj=-1`은 controller chip에 맞는 DMA IRQ timing delay를 driver가 선택하게 한다.
`patch`는 codec 초기화 전 HD-audio 설정을 수정할 early patch file이며 `CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y`일 때만 사용할 수 있다. 자세한 내용은 `hd-audio/notes.rst`를 참조한다. `beep_mode`는 `0` off, `1` on이며 기본값은 `CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE` kconfig에서 정한다.
전역 option에서 `single_cmd`는 debug용 single immediate command를 사용한다. `enable_msi`는 MSI를 켜며 기본 off, `power_save`는 초 단위 자동 절전 timeout이고 `0`은 disable, `power_save_controller`는 절전 중 controller reset이며 기본 on이다. `pm_blacklist` 기본 동작은 PM deny-list 조회이고 `0`은 건너뛰기, `1`은 runtime PM 강제 비활성이다. `align_buffer_size`는 buffer/period size를 128byte 배수로 반올림하며 기본 on, `snoop`도 기본 on이다.
여러 card와 autoprobe, power-management를 지원한다. Machine이 codec별 model table에 없으면 보통 최소 default 구성을 쓰며 `model=<name>`으로 model을 지정한다. 사용 가능한 이름은 `hd-audio/models.rst`에 있다. `model=generic`은 codec-patch 없이 generic codec parser를 사용하며 test/debug에 유용하다. `model=XXXX:YYYY`는 hex sub-vendor/sub-device ID를 quirk table 참조 SSID로 alias한다.
Default 설정이 실패하고 다른 model이 맞으면 `alsa-info.sh --no-upload` 출력과 함께 kernel bugzilla 또는 alsa-devel ML에 보고한다. 절전 option은 `powersave.rst`를 참조한다. Output click noise에는 `position_fix=1` 또는 `2`를 시도한다. `1`은 FIFO 보정 없이 SD_LPIB를 사용하고 `2`는 position buffer를 사용한다. `3`은 VIA capture에서 LPIB와 POSBUF를 함께 검사하고 `4`는 playback LPIB와 capture POSBUF를 조합한다.
Load 중 `azx_get_response timeout`이 반복되면 ACPI IRQ routing 같은 interrupt 문제일 수 있으므로 `pci=noacpi`를 시험한다. 마지막 수단으로 `single_cmd=1`을 사용하면 CORB/RIRB 대신 IRQ와 독립적인 single immediate command로 codec과 통신하지만 unsolicited event를 받지 못하므로 가능한 피한다. 존재하지 않거나 고장 난 codec slot 접근이 bus를 stall시키는 경우 `CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE` 또는 codec proc filename으로 slot을 확인한 뒤 `probe_mask`를 제한한다. `probe_mask=1`은 첫 slot, `probe_mask=4`는 세 번째 slot만 probe한다.
각 card instance에서 codec·DMA·patch 동작을 조정한다.
전역 절전·interrupt 설정과 timeout 대응을 정리한다.
Module snd-hda-intel
--------------------
Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
PCH, SCH), ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770, VIA VT8251/VT8237A, SIS966, ULI M5461
[Multiple options for each card instance]
model
force the model name
position_fix
Fix DMA pointer;
-1 = system default: choose appropriate one per controller hardware,
0 = auto: falls back to LPIB when POSBUF doesn't work,
1 = use LPIB,
2 = POSBUF: use position buffer,
3 = VIACOMBO: VIA-specific workaround for capture,
4 = COMBO: use LPIB for playback, auto for capture stream
5 = SKL+: apply the delay calculation available on recent Intel chips
6 = FIFO: correct the position with the fixed FIFO size, for recent AMD chips
probe_mask
Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots);
When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
slots regardless what hardware reports back
probe_only
Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
bdl_pos_adj
Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
value based on the controller chip.
patch
Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio setup
before initializing the codecs.
This option is available only when ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y``
is set. See hd-audio/notes.rst for details.
beep_mode
Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on);
default value is set via ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE`` kconfig.
[Single (global) options]
single_cmd
Use single immediate commands to communicate with codecs
(for debugging only)
enable_msi
Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
power_save
Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 = disable)
power_save_controller
Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode (default = on)
pm_blacklist
Enable / disable power-management deny-list (default = look up PM
deny-list, 0 = skip PM deny-list, 1 = force to turn off runtime PM)
align_buffer_size
Force rounding of buffer/period sizes to multiples of 128 bytes.
This is more efficient in terms of memory access but isn't
required by the HDA spec and prevents users from specifying
exact period/buffer sizes. (default = on)
snoop
Enable/disable snooping (default = on)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
See hd-audio/notes.rst for more details about HD-audio driver.
Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
configuration is set up. You can pass ``model=<name>`` option to
specify a certain model in such a case. There are different
models depending on the codec chip. The list of available models
is found in hd-audio/models.rst.
The model name ``generic`` is treated as a special case. When this
model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
"codec-patch". It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
The model option can be used also for aliasing to another PCI or codec
SSID. When it's passed in the form of ``model=XXXX:YYYY`` where XXXX
and YYYY are the sub-vendor and sub-device IDs in hex numbers,
respectively, the driver will refer to that SSID as a reference to the
quirk table.
If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
output (with ``--no-upload`` option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
ML (see the section `Links and Addresses`_).
``power_save`` and ``power_save_controller`` options are for power-saving
mode. See powersave.rst for details.
Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
``position_fix=1`` or ``2``. ``position_fix=1`` will use the SD_LPIB
register value without FIFO size correction as the current
DMA pointer. ``position_fix=2`` will make the driver to use
the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
(Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
position buffer.)
``position_fix=3`` is specific to VIA devices. The position
of the capture stream is checked from both LPIB and POSBUF
values. ``position_fix=4`` is a combination mode, using LPIB
for playback and POSBUF for capture.
NB: If you get many ``azx_get_response timeout`` messages at
loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
routing). Try to boot with options like ``pci=noacpi``. Also, you
can try ``single_cmd=1`` module option. This will switch the
communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB. Basically, the
single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
unsolicited events, too. But, at least, this works independently
from the irq. Remember this is a last resort, and should be
avoided as much as possible...
MORE NOTES ON ``azx_get_response timeout`` PROBLEMS:
On some hardware, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
to avoid the ``azx_get_response timeout`` problem above, instead.
This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
(likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
bus. You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE``, or simply from the file name of the codec
proc files. Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
For example, ``probe_mask=1`` means to probe only the first slot, and
``probe_mask=4`` means only the third slot.
The power-management is supported.
snd-hdsp: RME Hammerfall DSP
1139-1158`snd-hdsp`는 RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다. `CONFIG_FW_LOADER`가 설정되면 hotplug로 firmware를 자동 load한다. 그렇지 않으면 `alsa-tools` package의 `hdsploader` utility로 `alsa-firmware` package의 firmware를 load해야 한다.
현재 `snd-page-alloc` module이 과거 `snd-hammerfall-mem`의 역할을 수행한다. HDSP card가 발견되면 buffer를 미리 할당하며 확실한 allocation을 위해 boot sequence 초기에 `snd-page-alloc`을 load한다. 자세한 내용은 `Early Buffer Allocation` 절을 참조한다.
Firmware 경로와 조기 buffer allocation 조건이다.
Module snd-hdsp
---------------
Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
This module supports multiple cards.
Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
when ``CONFIG_FW_LOADER`` is set. Otherwise, you need to load
the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
package.
The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
when any HDSP cards are found. To make the buffer
allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
stage of boot sequence. See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
section.
snd-hdspm: RME HDSP MADI
1159-1172`snd-hdspm`은 RME HDSP MADI board용 module이다. `precise_ptr`는 precise pointer를 켜거나 끄고, `line_outs_monitor`는 기본적으로 playback stream을 analog output으로 보내며, `enable_monitor`는 기본적으로 channel 63/64의 Analog Out을 활성화한다. 자세한 내용은 `hdspm.rst`를 참조한다.
MADI pointer와 monitor routing을 설정한다.
Module snd-hdspm
----------------
Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
precise_ptr
Enable precise pointer, or disable.
line_outs_monitor
Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
enable_monitor
Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
See hdspm.rst for details.
snd-ice1712: Envy24 PCI
1173-1219`snd-ice1712`는 Envy24(ICE1712) 기반 PCI sound card용 module이다. M-Audio Delta/Audiophile 계열, TerraTec EWS/EWX/DMX/Phase, Hoontech DSP 24 계열, Event EZ8, Digigram VX442, Lionstracs Mediastation, Terrasoniq TS 88 등을 지원한다.
`model`은 `delta1010`, `dio2496`, `delta66`, `delta44`, `audiophile`, `delta410`, `delta1010lt`, `vx442`, `ewx2496`, `ews88mt`, `ews88mt_new`, `ews88d`, `dmx6fire`, `dsp24`, `dsp24_value`, `dsp24_71`, `ez8`, `phase88`, `mediastation` 중 board model을 지정한다.
`omni`는 MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66의 Omni I/O를 지원한다. `cs8427_timeout`은 S/PDIF transceiver인 CS8427의 reset timeout을 millisecond 단위로 지정하며 기본값 `500`은 0.5초다.
여러 card와 autoprobe를 지원한다. 모든 Envy24 card가 consumer part를 사용하는 것은 아니며 MidiMan Delta series가 예다. Board는 EEPROM을 읽어 탐지하고 EEPROM이 없으면 PCI SSID를 사용한다. Driver 설정이 잘못됐거나 test용으로 다른 type을 시도할 때 `model`로 탐지 결과를 override할 수 있다.
Board 탐지 override와 부가 I/O 설정이다.
Module snd-ice1712
------------------
Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
* MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
* MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
* TerraTec EWS 88MT
* TerraTec EWS 88D
* TerraTec EWX 24/96
* TerraTec DMX 6Fire
* TerraTec Phase 88
* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
* Event Electronics, EZ8
* Digigram VX442
* Lionstracs, Mediastaton
* Terrasoniq TS 88
model
Use the given board model, one of the following:
delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
phase88, mediastation
omni
Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
cs8427_timeout
reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver) in msec
resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Note: The consumer part is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for
example in the MidiMan Delta siree).
Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
type for testing.
snd-ice1724: Envy24HT·Envy24PT
1220-1269`snd-ice1724`는 Envy24HT(VT/ICE1724) 및 Envy24PT(VT1720) 기반 PCI card용 module이다. M-Audio Revolution/Audiophile 192, TerraTec Aureon/Phase, AudioTrak Prodigy, ESI Juli@·Maya44, Onkyo SE 계열과 여러 board를 지원한다.
`model`은 `revo51`, `revo71`, `amp2000`, `prodigy71`, `prodigy71lt`, `prodigy71xt`, `prodigy71hifi`, `prodigyhd2`, `prodigy192`, `juli`, `aureon51`, `aureon71`, `universe`, `ap192`, `k8x800`, `phase22`, `phase28`, `ms300`, `av710`, `se200pci`, `se90pci`, `fortissimo4`, `sn25p`, `WT192M`, `maya44` 중 하나다.
여러 card와 autoprobe를 지원한다. Board는 EEPROM 또는 EEPROM이 없을 때 PCI SSID로 탐지하며, 설정 오류나 시험 목적이면 `model` option으로 다른 type을 강제할 수 있다.
Envy24HT/PT board 식별과 override 흐름이다.
Module snd-ice1724
------------------
Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
* AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
* TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
* TerraTec Phase 22
* TerraTec Phase 28
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
* AudioTrak Prodigy 192
* Pontis MS300
* Albatron K8X800 Pro II
* Chaintech ZNF3-150
* Chaintech ZNF3-250
* Chaintech 9CJS
* Chaintech AV-710
* Shuttle SN25P
* Onkyo SE-90PCI
* Onkyo SE-200PCI
* ESI Juli@
* ESI Maya44
* Hercules Fortissimo IV
* EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
model
Use the given board model, one of the following:
revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
type for testing.
snd-indigo: Echoaudio Indigo
1270-1277`snd-indigo`는 Echoaudio Indigo용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성이다.
Module snd-indigo
-----------------
Module for Echoaudio Indigo
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-indigodj: Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1278-1285`snd-indigodj`는 Echoaudio Indigo DJ용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성이다.
Module snd-indigodj
-------------------
Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-indigoio: Echoaudio Indigo IO
1286-1293`snd-indigoio`는 Echoaudio Indigo IO용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성이다.
Module snd-indigoio
-------------------
Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-intel8x0: AC'97 motherboard
1294-1332`snd-intel8x0`은 Intel i8x0/ICH 계열과 SiS 7012, NVIDIA nForce 계열, AMD768/AMD8111, ALi m5455 등 AC'97 motherboard용 module이다.
`ac97_clock`은 AC'97 codec clock base이며 `0`은 auto-detect다. `ac97_quirk`는 특이한 hardware용 workaround로 `AC97 Quirk Option` 절을 참조한다. `buggy_irq`는 일부 motherboard의 잘못된 interrupt를 우회하며 nForce chip에서는 기본 yes, 나머지는 off다. `buggy_semaphore`는 일부 ASUS laptop 같은 buggy semaphore hardware를 우회하며 기본 off다.
`spdif_aclink`는 controller의 direct connection 대신 AC-link로 S/PDIF를 전송한다. `0` off, `1` on, `-1` default다. Chip 하나와 autoprobe, power-management를 지원한다.
최신 driver는 chip clock을 자동 탐지하지만 playback이 여전히 너무 빠르면 `ac97_clock=41194`를 명시한다. 이 driver는 joystick/MIDI port를 지원하지 않으므로 motherboard에 해당 device가 있으면 각각 `ns558` 또는 `snd-mpu401` module을 사용한다.
AC'97 clock과 motherboard workaround를 조정한다.
Module snd-intel8x0
-------------------
Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7,
6300ESB, ESB2
* SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804 CK8, CK8S, MCP501
* AMD AMD768, AMD8111
* ALi m5455
ac97_clock
AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
ac97_quirk
AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
buggy_irq
Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some motherboards
(default yes on nForce chips, otherwise off)
buggy_semaphore
Enable workaround for hardware with buggy semaphores (e.g. on some
ASUS laptops) (default off)
spdif_aclink
Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection from the
controller chip (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
explicitly via the module option ``ac97_clock=41194``.
Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver. If your
motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
modules, respectively.
The power-management is supported.
snd-intel8x0m: ICH MC97 modem
1333-1353`snd-intel8x0m`은 Intel ICH(i8x0), SiS 7013, NVIDIA nForce 계열, AMD8111, ALi m5455 chipset의 MC97 modem용 module이다. `ac97_clock`은 codec clock base이며 `0`은 auto-detect다.
Card 하나와 autoprobe, power-management를 지원한다. 기본 `index` 값은 `-2`이므로 첫 번째 slot은 제외된다.
Modem codec clock과 기본 slot 정책이다.
Module snd-intel8x0m
--------------------
Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
* SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
* AMD AMD8111
* ALi m5455
ac97_clock
AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
slot is excluded.
The power-management is supported.
snd-interwave: AMD InterWave
1354-1383`snd-interwave`는 Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32 등 AMD InterWave chip 기반 card용 module이다. `joystick_dac`는 `0`~`31`, `midi=1`은 MIDI UART enable이고 기본 `0`은 disable이다. `pcm_voices`는 synthesizer 예약 PCM voice이며 기본 `2`, `effect=1`은 8 voice가 필요한 InterWave effect를 활성화하고 기본 `0`은 off다.
`isapnp` 기본값 `1`은 ISA PnP detection을 켠다. `isapnp=0`이면 `port`를 `0x210`~`0x260`, `irq`를 `3`, `5`, `9`, `11`, `12`, `15`, `dma1`과 `dma2`를 `0`, `1`, `3`, `5`, `6`, `7` 중에서 지정하며 `dma2=-1`은 disable이다.
여러 card, autoprobe와 ISA PnP를 지원한다.
Synthesizer 기능과 PnP 비활성 resource를 정리한다.
Module snd-interwave
--------------------
Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
midi
1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
effect
1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
dma1
DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
dma2
DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
snd-interwave-stb: InterWave + TEA6330T
1384-1416`snd-interwave-stb`는 Compaq이 사용한 STB UltraSound 32-Pro와 bass·treble·master volume 확장 제어용 TEA6330T circuit을 갖춘 AMD InterWave card용 module이다.
`joystick_dac`, `midi`, `pcm_voices`, `effect`, `isapnp`와 PnP 비활성 시 `port`, `irq`, `dma1`, `dma2`는 `snd-interwave`와 같다. 추가 `port_tc`는 TEA6330T의 tone-control I2C bus port로 `0x350`, `0x360`, `0x370`, `0x380` 중 하나다.
여러 card, autoprobe와 ISA PnP를 지원한다.
기본 InterWave resource에 TEA6330T tone-control port가 더해진다.
Module snd-interwave-stb
------------------------
Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
joystick_dac
0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
midi
1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
pcm_voices
reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
effect
1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
port_tc
tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
irq
IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
dma1
DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
dma2
DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
snd-jazz16: Media Vision Jazz16
1417-1437`snd-jazz16`은 MVD1216, MVA416, MVA514 세 chip으로 구성된 Media Vision Jazz16 chipset용 module이다. SB DSP `port`는 `0x210`~`0x260`, `irq`는 `3`, `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `15`, `dma8`은 `1`, `3`, `dma16`은 `5`, `7`이다.
MPU-401 `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x310`, `0x320`, `0x330`, `mpu_irq`는 `2`, `3`, `5`, `7`이다. 여러 card를 지원한다.
SB DSP와 MPU-401 resource를 구분한다.
Module snd-jazz16
-------------------
Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.
port
port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
dma8
DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
dma16
DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
mpu_port
MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
mpu_irq
MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-korg1212: Korg 1212 IO
1438-1444`snd-korg1212`는 Korg 1212 IO PCI card용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
지원 card와 다중 card 여부다.
Module snd-korg1212
-------------------
Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-layla20: Echoaudio Layla20
1445-1452`snd-layla20`은 Echoaudio Layla20용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성이다.
Module snd-layla20
------------------
Module for Echoaudio Layla20
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-layla24: Echoaudio Layla24
1453-1460`snd-layla24`는 Echoaudio Layla24용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성이다.
Module snd-layla24
------------------
Module for Echoaudio Layla24
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-lola: Digigram Lola PCI-e
1461-1467`snd-lola`는 Digigram Lola PCI-e board용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
지원 board와 다중 card 여부다.
Module snd-lola
---------------
Module for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-lx6464es: Digigram LX6464ES
1468-1474`snd-lx6464es`는 Digigram LX6464ES board용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
지원 board와 다중 card 여부다.
Module snd-lx6464es
-------------------
Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-maestro3: Allegro·Maestro3
1475-1495`snd-maestro3`는 Allegro/Maestro3 chip용 module이다. `external_amp`는 external amplifier를 활성화하며 기본 enabled다. `amp_gpio`는 external amp GPIO pin `0`~`15`를 지정하고 `-1`은 기본 pin을 사용한다. 기본 pin은 Allegro에서 `8`, 그 외에서는 `1`이다.
Autoprobe와 여러 chip, power-management를 지원한다. Amplifier wiring은 hardware마다 다르므로 모든 channel unmute 후에도 소리가 없으면 다른 `amp_gpio`를 시도한다. Panasonic notebook의 예는 `amp_gpio=0x0d`다.
External amp의 기본값과 hardware별 GPIO override를 정리한다.
Module snd-maestro3
-------------------
Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
external_amp
enable external amp (enabled by default)
amp_gpio
GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or -1 for default pin (8
for allegro, 1 for others)
This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
For example, a Panasonic notebook might need ``amp_gpio=0x0d``
option.
The power-management is supported.
snd-mia: Echoaudio Mia
1496-1503`snd-mia`는 Echoaudio Mia용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성이다.
Module snd-mia
---------------
Module for Echoaudio Mia
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-miro: Miro PCM
1504-1528`snd-miro`는 Miro PCM 1 pro, PCM 12, PCM 20 Radio sound card용 module이다. `port`는 WSS port로 `0x530`, `0x604`, `0xe80`, `0xf40` 중 하나를 사용하고, `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `dma1`은 `0`, `1`, `3`, `dma2`는 `0`, `1` 중에서 지정한다.
MPU-401에는 `mpu_port`로 `0x300`, `0x310`, `0x320`, `0x330`, `mpu_irq`로 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`을 사용할 수 있다. `fm_port`의 선택지는 `0x388`이다. `wss`는 WSS mode를, `ide`는 card 내장 IDE를 활성화한다.
Miro PCM card의 audio, MIDI, FM 및 부가 기능을 설정한다.
Module snd-miro
---------------
Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro, miroSOUND PCM 12,
miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
port
Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
irq
IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
dma1
1st dma # (0,1,3)
dma2
2nd dma # (0,1)
mpu_port
MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
mpu_irq
MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
fm_port
FM Port # (0x388)
wss
enable WSS mode
ide
enable onboard ide support
snd-mixart: Digigram miXart8
1529-1543`snd-mixart`는 Digigram miXart8 sound card용 module이다. 여러 board를 지원하지만 miXart board 하나는 ALSA card 네 개로 표현된다. 자세한 내용은 `Documentation/sound/cards/mixart.rst`를 참조한다.
Module과 hotplug가 구성되어 있으면 firmware는 자동으로 load된다. 이 경우 `alsa-firmware` package를 설치해야 한다. Hotplug firmware loader를 사용하지 않는 환경에서는 `alsa-tools` package의 `mixartloader`로 firmware를 직접 load한다.
miXart board의 ALSA 표현과 firmware load 경로를 구분한다.
Module snd-mixart
-----------------
Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
This module supports multiple cards.
Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
See Documentation/sound/cards/mixart.rst for details.
When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
snd-mona: Echoaudio Mona
1544-1551`snd-mona`는 Echoaudio Mona용 module이다. 여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
Card 수와 firmware 의존성을 정리한다.
Module snd-mona
---------------
Module for Echoaudio Mona
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-mpu401: MPU-401 UART
1552-1565`snd-mpu401`은 MPU-401 UART용 module이다. `port`와 `irq`로 hardware resource를 지정하며 각 값을 `-1`로 두면 해당 resource를 사용하지 않는다. `pnp=0`은 PnP 지원을 끄고 `pnp=1`은 켜며 기본값은 `1`이다.
이 module은 여러 장치를 지원하고 PnP detection도 지원한다.
MPU-401 resource와 PnP detection을 설정한다.
Module snd-mpu401
-----------------
Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
port
port number or -1 (disable)
irq
IRQ number or -1 (disable)
pnp
PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
snd-msnd-classic: MultiSound Classic
1566-1611`snd-msnd-classic`은 Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti, Monterey sound card용 module이다. `io`와 `irq`를 지정하고 shared memory base인 `mem`에는 `0xb0000`, `0xc8000`, `0xd0000`, `0xd8000`, `0xe0000`, `0xe8000` 중 하나를 사용한다.
`write_ndelay`는 DSP command write delay를 정하며 기본값은 `1`이다. `calibrate_signal`은 signal calibration을 제어하며 기본값은 `0`, `isapnp`는 ISA PnP detection을 제어하며 기본값은 `1`이다. `digital`은 digital daughterboard를 활성화하고 기본값은 `0`이다. `cfg`는 configuration port로 `0x250`, `0x260`, `0x270` 중 하나이며 기본 동작은 PnP이다. `reset`은 모든 장치를 reset한다.
MPU-401은 `mpu_io`와 `mpu_irq`, IDE는 `ide_io0`, `ide_io1`, `ide_irq`, joystick은 `joystick_io`로 설정한다. Firmware 파일은 `turtlebeach/msndinit.bin`과 `turtlebeach/msndperm.bin`이며 설치 절차는 `Documentation/sound/cards/multisound.sh`를 참조한다. 이 card 계열은 단종되었고 기존 지식 자료의 주소로 `https://www.turtlebeach.com`이 안내되어 있다.
MultiSound Classic 계열의 memory, 부가 장치 및 firmware를 정리한다.
Module snd-msnd-classic
-----------------------
Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
soundcards.
io
Port # for msnd-classic card
irq
IRQ # for msnd-classic card
mem
Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
write_ndelay
enable write ndelay (default = 1)
calibrate_signal
calibrate signal (default = 0)
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
digital
Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
cfg
Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
reset
Reset all devices
mpu_io
MPU401 I/O port
mpu_irq
MPU401 irq#
ide_io0
IDE port #0
ide_io1
IDE port #1
ide_irq
IDE irq#
joystick_io
Joystick I/O port
The driver requires firmware files ``turtlebeach/msndinit.bin`` and
``turtlebeach/msndperm.bin`` in the proper firmware directory.
See Documentation/sound/cards/multisound.sh for important information
about this driver. Note that it has been discontinued, but the
Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
at
https://www.turtlebeach.com
snd-msnd-pinnacle: MultiSound Pinnacle
1612-1632`snd-msnd-pinnacle`은 Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle과 Fiji sound card용 module이다. `io`, `irq`와 shared memory base `mem`을 설정하며 `mem`의 허용 값은 `0xb0000`, `0xc8000`, `0xd0000`, `0xd8000`, `0xe0000`, `0xe8000`이다.
`write_ndelay`의 기본값은 `1`, `calibrate_signal`의 기본값은 `0`, `isapnp`의 기본값은 `1`이다. 필요한 firmware는 `turtlebeach/pndspini.bin`과 `turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin`이다.
Pinnacle/Fiji의 memory와 firmware 설정이다.
Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
------------------------
Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.
io
Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
irq
IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
mem
Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
write_ndelay
enable write ndelay (default = 1)
calibrate_signal
calibrate signal (default = 0)
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
The driver requires firmware files ``turtlebeach/pndspini.bin`` and
``turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin`` in the proper firmware directory.
snd-mtpav: MOTU MidiTimePiece AV
1633-1647`snd-mtpav`는 parallel port에 연결하는 MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI interface용 module이다. `port`는 `0x378` 또는 `0x278`이며 기본값은 `0x378`, `irq`는 `7` 또는 `5`이며 기본값은 `7`이다. `hwports`는 hardware port 수를 정하고 기본값은 `8`이다.
이 driver는 card 한 개만 지원하므로 별도의 `enable` option이 없다.
Parallel port MIDI interface의 기본 resource와 제약이다.
Module snd-mtpav
----------------
Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
port).
port
I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
irq
IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
hwports
number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
Module supports only 1 card. This module has no enable option.
snd-mts64: ESI Miditerminal 4140
1648-1655`snd-mts64`는 ESI Miditerminal 4140용 module이다. 여러 장치를 지원하며 kernel에 `CONFIG_PARPORT`가 필요하다.
Parallel port 기반 장치의 지원 조건이다.
Module snd-mts64
----------------
Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
This module supports multiple devices.
Requires parport (``CONFIG_PARPORT``).
snd-nm256: NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX
1656-1719`snd-nm256`은 NeoMagic NM256AV와 NM256ZX chip용 module이다. `playback_bufsize`와 `capture_bufsize`는 각각 playback·capture buffer 크기를 `4`~`128` kB 범위로 지정한다. `force_ac97`은 AC'97을 강제로 사용하며 기본적으로 꺼져 있고, `buffer_top`은 buffer 상단 주소를 직접 지정한다. `use_cache`는 cache 사용을 제어하며 기본적으로 꺼져 있다.
`vaio_hack`은 `buffer_top=0x25a800`의 alias이다. Sony PCG-F250에는 `0x25a800`, PCG-F270에는 `0x272800`을 사용할 수 있다. 잘못된 buffer 주소는 동작 실패나 system hang을 일으킬 수 있으므로 자동 검출이 실패할 때만 명시한다.
`force_ac97=1`은 AC'97 codec이 검출되지 않을 때 시도할 수 있지만 성공을 보장하지 않는다. CS423x 또는 OPL3SAx처럼 AC'97이 아닌 codec이 연결된 system은 `snd-cs4232` 또는 `snd-opl3sa2`를 사용하며, 필요하면 `isapnp=0`과 hardware resource를 직접 지정한다.
Dell Latitude LS와 Sony PCG-F305에서는 AC'97 reset workaround가 자동 적용된다. 그래도 hard freeze가 발생하면 `reset_workaround=1`을 시도한다. Dell Latitude CSx에는 `reset_workaround2`가 기본 적용되며 첫 workaround가 실패하는 다른 system에서도 이를 시험할 수 있다.
이 driver는 OSS driver를 reverse engineering해 port한 것이므로 codec detection이 항상 안정적이지 않다. X server를 먼저 시작하면 detection이 실패할 수 있어 X보다 먼저 module을 load하는 것이 권장된다. Card 하나를 autoprobe하며 power management를 지원한다.
Buffer 배치, codec 강제 사용 및 model별 reset 대책을 정리한다.
Module snd-nm256
----------------
Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
playback_bufsize
max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
capture_bufsize
max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
force_ac97
0 or 1 (disabled by default)
buffer_top
specify buffer top address
use_cache
0 or 1 (disabled by default)
vaio_hack
alias buffer_top=0x25a800
reset_workaround
enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
reset_workaround2
enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some other laptops
This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
the buffer_top option.
For example,
Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
The driver supports only ac97 codec. It's possible to force
to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected. In such a
case, use ``force_ac97=1`` option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
works!
Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
codecs. This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
even though the device is detected in lspci. In such a case, try
other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2. Some has ISA-PnP
but some doesn't have ISA PnP. You'll need to specify ``isapnp=0``
and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET. For the
known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
workaround is enabled automatically. For other laptops with a
hard freeze, you can try ``reset_workaround=1`` option.
Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
AC97 RESET. On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
turned on as default. This option is worth to try if the
previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
Note: This driver is really crappy. It's a porting from the
OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
X-server as described above. You might be able to force to load
the module, but it may result in hang-up. Hence, make sure that
you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
problem.
snd-opl3sa2: Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3
1720-1751`snd-opl3sa2`는 Yamaha OPL3-SA2와 OPL3-SA3 sound card용 module이다. `isapnp`는 ISA PnP detection을 제어하며 기본값은 `1`이다. PnP를 끄면 control `port`는 `0x370`, `sb_port`는 `0x220` 또는 `0x240`, `wss_port`는 `0x530`, `0xe80`, `0xf40`, `0x604` 중 하나를 지정한다.
MIDI `midi_port`는 `0x300`, `0x330` 또는 disable을 뜻하는 `-1`, FM `fm_port`는 `0x388` 또는 `-1`이다. `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `dma1`은 `0`, `1`, `3`, `dma2`는 `0`, `1`, `3` 또는 disable을 뜻하는 `-1`을 사용한다.
여러 card와 ISA PnP를 지원한다. PnP를 사용하지 않으면 autoprobe하지 않으므로 모든 port를 반드시 지정해야 한다. Power management도 지원한다.
ISA PnP를 끌 때 직접 지정해야 하는 resource이다.
Module snd-opl3sa2
------------------
Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
sb_port
SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
wss_port
WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
midi_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
fm_port
FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
irq
IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
dma2
second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP. It does not support
autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
The power-management is supported.
snd-opti92x-ad1848: OPTi 82c92x + AD1848
1752-1777`snd-opti92x-ad1848`은 AD1848 codec을 사용하는 OPTi 82c92x sound card용 module이며 OAK Mozart card도 지원한다. `isapnp`의 기본값은 `1`이다.
PnP를 끄면 WSS `port`는 `0x530`, `0xe80`, `0xf40`, `0x604`, `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x310`, `0x320`, `0x330`, `fm_port`는 `0x388` 중에서 지정한다. `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `mpu_irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `dma1`은 `0`, `1`, `3`을 사용할 수 있다. Card 한 개, autoprobe와 ISA PnP를 지원한다.
PnP를 끈 OPTi 82c92x + AD1848 card의 resource이다.
Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
-------------------------
Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
irq
IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
snd-opti92x-cs4231: OPTi 82c92x + CS4231
1778-1804`snd-opti92x-cs4231`은 CS4231 codec을 사용하는 OPTi 82c92x sound card용 module이다. `isapnp`의 기본값은 `1`이다.
PnP를 끄면 WSS `port`는 `0x530`, `0xe80`, `0xf40`, `0x604`, `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x310`, `0x320`, `0x330`, `fm_port`는 `0x388` 중에서 지정한다. `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `mpu_irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `dma1`과 `dma2`는 각각 `0`, `1`, `3`을 사용한다. Card 한 개, autoprobe와 ISA PnP를 지원한다.
PnP를 끈 OPTi 82c92x + CS4231 card의 resource이다.
Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
-------------------------
Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
irq
IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
dma2
second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
snd-opti93x: OPTi 82c93x
1805-1831`snd-opti93x`는 OPTi 82c93x sound card용 module이다. `isapnp`의 기본값은 `1`이다.
PnP를 끄면 WSS `port`는 `0x530`, `0xe80`, `0xf40`, `0x604`, `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x310`, `0x320`, `0x330`, `fm_port`는 `0x388` 중에서 지정한다. `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `mpu_irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `dma1`과 `dma2`는 각각 `0`, `1`, `3`을 사용할 수 있다. Card 한 개, autoprobe와 ISA PnP를 지원한다.
PnP를 끈 OPTi 82c93x card의 resource이다.
Module snd-opti93x
------------------
Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
port
port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
fm_port
port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
irq
IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq
IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
dma1
first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
dma2
second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
snd-oxygen: C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788
1832-1852`snd-oxygen`은 C-Media CMI8786, CMI8787, CMI8788 chip 기반 sound card용 module이다. 지원 대상은 Asound A-8788, Asus Xonar DG/DGX, AuzenTech X-Meridian 및 X-Meridian 2G, Bgears b-Enspirer, Club3D Theatron DTS, HT-Omega Claro(plus), Claro halo(XT), Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI, Razer Barracuda AC-1, Sondigo Inferno, TempoTec HiFier Fantasia와 Serenade이다.
이 module은 autoprobe와 여러 card를 지원한다.
CMI878x 계열 card와 detection 기능을 요약한다.
Module snd-oxygen
-----------------
Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788 chip:
* Asound A-8788
* Asus Xonar DG/DGX
* AuzenTech X-Meridian
* AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
* Bgears b-Enspirer
* Club3D Theatron DTS
* HT-Omega Claro (plus)
* HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
* Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI
* Razer Barracuda AC-1
* Sondigo Inferno
* TempoTec HiFier Fantasia
* TempoTec HiFier Serenade
This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
snd-pcsp: Internal PC-Speaker
1853-1865`snd-pcsp`는 내부 PC-Speaker용 module이다. `nopcm`을 사용하면 PC-Speaker PCM sound를 끄고 system beep만 남긴다. `nforce_wa`는 NForce chipset workaround를 활성화하지만 sound 품질이 나빠질 수 있다.
이 module은 system beep, 제한적인 PCM playback, 몇 가지 mixer control을 지원한다.
PC-Speaker의 PCM과 chipset workaround를 제어한다.
Module snd-pcsp
---------------
Module for internal PC-Speaker.
nopcm
Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
nforce_wa
enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.
This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
even a few mixer controls.
snd-pcxhr: Digigram PCXHR
1866-1872`snd-pcxhr`는 Digigram PCXHR board용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
PCXHR board의 다중 card 지원 여부이다.
Module snd-pcxhr
----------------
Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-portman2x4: Midiman Portman 2x4
1873-1879`snd-portman2x4`는 parallel port에 연결하는 Midiman Portman 2x4 MIDI interface용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
Parallel port MIDI interface의 지원 범위이다.
Module snd-portman2x4
---------------------
Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-powermac: PowerMac on-board sound
1880-1893`snd-powermac`은 PowerPC의 PowerMac, iMac, iBook 내장 sound chip용 module이다. `enable_beep`은 PCM을 이용한 beep를 활성화하며 기본적으로 켜져 있다.
Chip 하나를 autoprobe한다. Driver에 endianness 관련 문제가 있을 수 있으며 power management를 지원한다.
PowerMac 계열 내장 sound의 beep와 제약이다.
Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
---------------------------------
Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
enable_beep
enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
Module supports autoprobe a chip.
Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianness.
The power-management is supported.
snd-pxa2xx-ac97: Intel PXA2xx AC97
1894-1902`snd-pxa2xx-ac97`은 Intel PXA2xx chip의 AC97 driver module이다. ARM architecture에서만 사용하며 power management를 지원한다.
Architecture와 전원 관리 지원을 정리한다.
Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
------------------------------------
Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
For ARM architecture only.
The power-management is supported.
snd-riptide: Conexant Riptide
1903-1919`snd-riptide`는 Conexant Riptide chip용 module이다. `joystick_port`의 기본값은 `0x200`, `mpu_port`의 기본값은 `0x330`, `opl3_port`의 기본값은 `0x388`이다.
여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다. Firmware 파일 `riptide.hex`를 `/lib/firmware` 같은 표준 firmware 경로에 설치해야 한다.
Legacy port 기본값과 firmware 요구 사항이다.
Module snd-riptide
------------------
Module for Conexant Riptide chip
joystick_port
Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
mpu_port
MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
opl3_port
OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
You need to install the firmware file ``riptide.hex`` to the standard
firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
snd-rme32: RME Digi32
1920-1927`snd-rme32`는 RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro, Digi32/8과 Sek'd Prodif32, Prodif96, Prodif Gold sound card용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
RME와 Sek'd 호환 제품군을 정리한다.
Module snd-rme32
----------------
Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-rme96: RME Digi96
1928-1934`snd-rme96`은 RME Digi96, Digi96/8, Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound card용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
Digi96 계열과 다중 card 지원 여부이다.
Module snd-rme96
----------------
Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-rme9652: RME Digi9652
1935-1951`snd-rme9652`는 RME Digi9652 Hammerfall 및 Hammerfall-Light sound card용 module이다. `precise_ptr`은 정밀 pointer를 활성화하지만 안정적으로 동작하지 않으며 기본값은 `0`이다. 여러 card를 지원한다.
현재는 `snd-page-alloc`이 과거 `snd-hammerfall-mem`의 역할을 수행한다. RME9652 card가 발견되면 buffer를 미리 할당하며, 할당을 확실히 하려면 boot sequence 초기에 `snd-page-alloc`을 load한다. 자세한 내용은 `Early Buffer Allocation` 절을 참조한다.
Pointer option과 조기 buffer 할당 절차이다.
Module snd-rme9652
------------------
Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
precise_ptr
Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably). (default = 0)
This module supports multiple cards.
Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
when any RME9652 cards are found. To make the buffer
allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
stage of boot sequence. See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
section.
snd-sa11xx-uda1341: Philips UDA1341TS
1952-1961`snd-sa11xx-uda1341`은 ARM의 Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card에 장착된 Philips UDA1341TS용 module이다. Card 한 개만 지원하며 `enable`과 `index` option이 없다. Power management를 지원한다.
Card 수와 공통 option 제공 여부이다.
Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
---------------------------------------
Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
Module supports only one card.
Module has no enable and index options.
The power-management is supported.
snd-sb8: 8-bit SoundBlaster
1962-1978`snd-sb8`은 SoundBlaster 1.0, SoundBlaster 2.0, SoundBlaster Pro 같은 8-bit SoundBlaster card용 module이다. SB DSP `port`는 `0x220`, `0x240`, `0x260`, `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `dma8`은 `1`, `3` 중에서 지정한다.
여러 card와 autoprobe를 지원하며 power management도 지원한다.
8-bit SB DSP의 port, IRQ, DMA 선택지이다.
Module snd-sb8
--------------
Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0, SoundBlaster 2.0,
SoundBlaster Pro
port
port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
irq
IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
dma8
DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-sb16 / snd-sbawe: 16-bit SoundBlaster
1979-2017`snd-sb16`과 `snd-sbawe`는 SoundBlaster 16(PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 32(PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP 같은 16-bit SoundBlaster card용 module이다. `mic_agc`는 microphone auto gain control로 `0`은 disable, 기본값 `1`은 enable이다. `csp`는 ASP/CSP chip 지원으로 기본값 `0`은 disable, `1`은 enable이다. `isapnp`는 ISA PnP detection이며 기본값은 `1`이다.
`isapnp=0`이면 SB DSP 4.x `port`는 `0x220`, `0x240`, `0x260`, MPU-401 `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x330` 또는 disable을 뜻하는 `-1`이다. `snd-sbawe`에서만 사용하는 EMU8000 synthesizer `awe_port`는 `0x620`, `0x640`, `0x660`이다. `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `dma8`은 `0`, `1`, `3`, `dma16`은 `5`, `6`, `7` 중에서 지정한다.
여러 card, autoprobe, ISA PnP를 지원한다. Vibra16X를 16-bit half-duplex mode로 사용하려면 `dma16=-1`로 16-bit DMA를 끈다. 모든 Sound Blaster 16 계열도 16-bit DMA channel을 끄면 8-bit DMA channel을 통해 16-bit half-duplex로 동작할 수 있다. Power management를 지원한다.
PnP 비활성 resource와 half-duplex 조건을 정리한다.
Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
-----------------------------
Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
mic_agc
Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
csp
ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
port
port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
mpu_port
port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
awe_port
base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660) (snd-sbawe
module only)
irq
IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
dma8
8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
dma16
16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
16-bit DMA channel.
The power-management is supported.
snd-sc6000: Gallant SC-6000/6600/7000
2018-2040`snd-sc6000`은 Gallant SC-6000과 후속 SC-6600, SC-7000 sound card용 module이다. `port`는 `0x220` 또는 `0x240`, `mss_port`는 `0x530` 또는 `0xe80`, `irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`, `11`이다. `mpu_irq`는 `5`, `7`, `9`, `10`이고 `0`이면 MPU-401 IRQ를 사용하지 않는다. `dma`는 `1`, `3`, `0` 중 하나이다.
`joystick=0`은 gameport를 끄는 기본값이고 `1`은 켠다. 여러 card를 지원한다. 이 card는 Audio Excel DSP 16 또는 Zoltrix AV302라는 이름으로도 알려져 있다.
SC-6000 계열 resource와 별칭이다.
Module snd-sc6000
-----------------
Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600 and
SC-7000.
port
Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
mss_port
MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
irq
IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq
MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
dma
DMA # (1,3,0)
joystick
Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
This module supports multiple cards.
This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
snd-sscape: ENSONIQ SoundScape
2041-2064`snd-sscape`는 ENSONIQ SoundScape card용 module이다. `port`, `wss_port`, `irq`, `mpu_irq`, `dma`는 PnP에서 설정한 값을 사용한다. `dma2`도 PnP 값이며 `-1`로 끌 수 있다. `joystick=0`은 gameport disable인 기본값이고 `1`은 enable이다.
여러 card를 지원하며 kernel firmware loader가 필요하다.
PnP resource와 firmware 의존성이다.
Module snd-sscape
-----------------
Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.
port
Port # (PnP setup)
wss_port
WSS Port # (PnP setup)
irq
IRQ # (PnP setup)
mpu_irq
MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
dma
DMA # (PnP setup)
dma2
2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
joystick
Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
snd-sun-amd7930: SPARC AMD7930
2065-2071`snd-sun-amd7930`은 SPARC system의 AMD7930 sound chip용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
Architecture와 다중 card 지원이다.
Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
--------------------------------------
Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-sun-cs4231: SPARC CS4231
2072-2078`snd-sun-cs4231`은 SPARC system의 CS4231 sound chip용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
Architecture와 다중 card 지원이다.
Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
-------------------------------------
Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-sun-dbri: SPARC DBRI
2079-2085`snd-sun-dbri`는 SPARC system의 DBRI sound chip용 module이며 여러 card를 지원한다.
Architecture와 다중 card 지원이다.
Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
-----------------------------------
Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-wavefront: Turtle Beach Maui/Tropez
2086-2167`snd-wavefront`는 Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez, Tropez+ sound card용 module이다. `use_cs4232_midi`는 computer 내부에서 접근하기 어려운 CS4232 MPU-401 interface를 사용하게 한다. `isapnp`는 ISA PnP detection을 제어하며 기본값은 `1`이다.
`isapnp=0`이면 CS4232 PCM용 `cs4232_pcm_port`, IRQ `cs4232_pcm_irq`(`5`, `7`, `9`, `11`, `12`, `15`), MPU-401용 `cs4232_mpu_port`, `cs4232_mpu_irq`(`9`, `11`, `12`, `15`)를 지정한다. ICS2115에는 `ics2115_port`, `ics2115_irq`, FM OPL-3에는 `fm_port`, PCM DMA에는 `dma1`, `dma2`를 사용한다.
WaveFront synthesizer에서 `wf_raw`는 board 상태를 무시하고 reset한 뒤 OS firmware를 다시 load할지를 정하며 기본값은 no이다. `fx_raw`는 FX processor에 microprogram과 coefficient를 내려받아 기본 상태로 구성할지를 정하며 기본값은 yes이다. False이면 driver load 시점의 FX 상태를 유지한다. `debug_default`는 card 초기화 debug parameter이다.
`wait_usecs`는 sleep하지 않고 기다릴 시간으로 기본값은 `150` microseconds이다. CPU를 오래 점유하지 않으면서 가능한 많은 WaveFront command를 busy-wait로 처리하기 위한 값이며, 원문 실험에서는 약 134,000회의 status wait 중 약 250회만 sleep으로 이어졌다. `sleep_interval`은 reply 대기 중 sleep 시간으로 기본값 `100`, `sleep_tries`는 sleep 재시도 횟수로 기본값 `50`이다.
`ospath`는 처리된 ICS2115 OS firmware 경로이며 기본값은 `wavefront.os`이다. 최근 driver는 firmware loader framework를 사용하므로 이 파일을 일반적으로 `/lib/firmware`에 설치한다. `reset_time`은 reset 적용 대기 시간으로 기본값 `2`초, `ramcheck_time`은 RAM test 대기 시간으로 기본값 `20`초, `osrun_time`은 ICS2115 OS 실행 대기 시간으로 기본값 `10`초이다.
여러 card와 ISA PnP를 지원한다. 이전에는 `wavefront.os`가 `/etc`에 있었지만 이제 firmware loader가 읽을 수 있는 `/lib/firmware` 같은 경로에 있어야 한다. Kernel upgrade 뒤 firmware download 오류가 발생하면 파일을 적절한 위치로 복사하거나 symbolic link를 만든다.
PnP resource, synthesizer 초기화와 firmware timeout을 정리한다.
Module snd-wavefront
--------------------
Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
use_cs4232_midi
Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
(inaccessibly located inside your computer)
isapnp
ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
cs4232_pcm_port
Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
cs4232_pcm_irq
IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
cs4232_mpu_port
Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
cs4232_mpu_irq
IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
ics2115_port
Port # for ICS2115
ics2115_irq
IRQ # for ICS2115
fm_port
FM OPL-3 Port #
dma1
DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
dma2
DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
wf_raw
Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no);
If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
fx_raw
Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes);
If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
when the driver is loaded. The default is to download the
microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
"default" operation, whatever that means.
debug_default
Debug parameters for card initialization
wait_usecs
How long to wait without sleeping, usecs (default:150);
This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
based on my limited experimentation.
If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
CPU.
Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
waits, only about 250 result in a sleep.
sleep_interval
How long to sleep when waiting for reply (default: 100)
sleep_tries
How many times to try sleeping during a wait (default: 50)
ospath
Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware (default:wavefront.os);
The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware. In the recent
version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
must be installed in the proper path, typically,
/lib/firmware.
reset_time
How long to wait for a reset to take effect (default:2)
ramcheck_time
How many seconds to wait for the RAM test (default:20)
osrun_time
How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS (default:10)
This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
Note: the firmware file ``wavefront.os`` was located in the earlier
version in /etc. Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
snd-sonicvibes: S3 SonicVibes
2168-2180`snd-sonicvibes`는 PINE Schubert 32 PCI 같은 S3 SonicVibes PCI sound card용 module이다. `reverb=1`은 reverb를 켜고 기본값 `0`은 끈다. 이 기능에는 card 내장 SRAM이 필요하다. `mge=1`은 microphone gain을 켜고 기본값 `0`은 끈다.
여러 card와 autoprobe를 지원한다.
Reverb와 microphone gain의 조건이다.
Module snd-sonicvibes
---------------------
Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
* PINE Schubert 32 PCI
reverb
Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default);
SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
mge
Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.snd-serial-u16550: UART16550A MIDI
2181-2207`snd-serial-u16550`은 UART16550A serial MIDI port용 module이다. `port`는 UART16550A chip의 port, `irq`는 IRQ이며 `-1`이면 polling mode를 사용한다. `speed`는 `9600`, `19200`, `38400`, `57600`, `115200` baud 중 하나이고 기본값은 `38400`이다. Divisor base인 `base`는 `57600`, `115200`, `230400`, `460800` 중 하나이고 기본값은 `115200`이다.
`outs`는 serial port 하나에 제공할 MIDI port 수로 `1`~`4`, 기본값은 `1`이다. `adaptor`는 `0` Soundcanvas, `1` MS-124T, `2` MS-124W S/A, `3` MS-124W M/B, `4` Generic 중에서 지정한다.
여러 card를 지원하지만 autoprobe하지 않으므로 주 `port`를 반드시 명시해야 한다. 나머지 option은 선택 사항이다.
Serial MIDI의 통신 속도, port 수와 adaptor 종류를 정리한다.
Module snd-serial-u16550
------------------------
Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
port
port # for UART16550A chip
irq
IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
speed
speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
38400 = default
base
base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
115200 = default
outs
number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
1 = default
adaptor
Type of adaptor.
0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
snd-trident: Trident 4DWave DX/NX
2208-2231`snd-trident`는 Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound card용 module이다. 지원 제품에는 Best Union Miss Melody 4DWave PCI, HIS 4DWave PCI, Warpspeed ONSpeed 4DWave PCI, AzTech PCI 64-Q3D, Addonics SV 750, CHIC True Sound 4Dwave, Shark Predator4D-PCI, Jaton SonicWave 4D, SiS SI7018 PCI Audio, Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX가 있다.
`pcm_channels`는 PCM에 예약할 최대 channel(voice) 수이고 `wavetable_size`는 최대 wavetable 크기를 kB 단위로 지정한다. 여러 card와 autoprobe, power management를 지원한다.
PCM voice와 wavetable resource를 조절한다.
Module snd-trident
------------------
Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
* Best Union Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
* HIS 4DWave PCI
* Warpspeed ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
* AzTech PCI 64-Q3D
* Addonics SV 750
* CHIC True Sound 4Dwave
* Shark Predator4D-PCI
* Jaton SonicWave 4D
* SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
* Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX
pcm_channels
max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
wavetable_size
max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
The power-management is supported.
snd-ua101: Edirol UA-101/UA-1000
2232-2238`snd-ua101`은 Edirol UA-101과 UA-1000 audio/MIDI interface용 module이다. 여러 device, autoprobe와 hotplugging을 지원한다.
USB audio/MIDI interface의 연결 기능이다.
Module snd-ua101
----------------
Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
snd-usb-audio: USB audio와 MIDI
2239-2395`snd-usb-audio`는 USB audio와 USB MIDI device용 module이다. 선택 사항인 `vid`와 `pid`로 vendor ID와 product ID를 제한할 수 있다. `nrpacks`는 URB당 최대 packet 수이고 기본값은 `8`, `device_setup`은 device별 magic number로 효과는 장치마다 다르며 기본값은 `0x0000`이다.
`ignore_ctl_error`는 mixer interface 접근에서 USB device 또는 controller의 오류를 무시하며 기본값은 no이다. Mixer element 접근 중 URB error `-22`가 발생하는 결함 장치에서 `ignore_ctl_error=1`이 임시 해결책이 될 수 있고 `quirk_flags` bit 14와 같다. `autoclock`은 UAC2 device의 자동 clock 선택으로 기본 yes, `lowlatency`는 low-latency playback으로 기본 yes이며 regression이 있으면 old mode로 돌아가기 위해 끌 수 있다.
`quirk_alias`는 `0123abcd:5678beef` 형식으로 기존 device `5678:beef`의 quirk를 새 device `0123:abcd`에 적용한다. `implicit_fb`는 generic implicit-feedback sync mode를 적용한다. Playback stream이 ASYNC이면 인접한 ASYNC capture stream을 implicit feedback source로 연결하며 `quirk_flags` bit 17과 같다.
`use_vmalloc`은 PCM buffer를 `vmalloc()`로 할당하며 기본값은 yes이다. ARM이나 MIPS처럼 non-coherent memory를 쓰는 architecture에서는 vmalloc buffer의 mmap 결과가 일관되지 않을 수 있다. 그런 architecture에서 mmap을 사용하면 이 option을 끄고 DMA-coherent buffer를 할당한다.
`delayed_register`는 여러 USB interface에 stream이 나뉜 device에서 registration이 interface마다 반복되어 device enumeration이 불완전해지는 문제를 막는다. String array로 `ID:INTERFACE`, 예를 들어 `0123abcd:4`를 전달하면 device `0123:abcd`의 interface 4가 probe될 때까지 등록을 기다린다. Driver가 `Found post-registration device assignment: 1234abcd:04` 같은 message를 출력하면 이 설정이 필요하다는 뜻이다.
`skip_validation`은 unit descriptor validation을 건너뛰며 기본값은 no이다. 이를 켜면 validation error 때문에 probe를 중단하는 대신 descriptor hexdump를 출력하여 세부 내용을 조사할 수 있다.
`quirk_flags`는 device별 workaround를 세밀하게 지정하며 sysfs에서 동적으로 변경할 수 있다. 기존 방식은 probe 순서에 대응하는 integer array를 받아 `quirk_flags=0x01,0x02`처럼 첫 device에 `get_sample_rate`, 둘째 device에 `share_media_device`를 적용한다.
새 방식은 `VID1:PID1:FLAGS1;VID2:PID2:FLAGS2;...` 형식이다. VID와 PID는 4자리 hexadecimal 또는 모든 값에 일치하는 `*`이며, FLAGS는 `|`로 나눈 이름 집합 또는 bit를 나타내는 hexadecimal이다. 이름 앞의 `!`는 해당 flag를 제거한다. 예시 `1234:abcd:mixer_playback_min_mute|!ignore_ctl_error;*:*:0x01;`은 1234:abcd에 playback 최소값 mute를 적용하고 control error 무시는 해제하며, 모든 device에 bit 0을 적용한다.
여러 device, autoprobe와 hotplugging을 지원한다. `nrpacks`는 sysfs에서 동적으로 바꿀 수 있지만 sanity check가 없으므로 `20`을 넘기면 안 된다. `ignore_ctl_error=1`, `quirk_alias`, `quirk_flags`는 빠른 우회 또는 개발·시험용이다. 특정 device가 필요로 하는 workaround라면 driver code의 정식 quirk로 추가할 수 있도록 upstream에 보고해야 한다.
USB device 선택, buffer와 등록 동작을 정리한다.
낮은 bit 영역의 device workaround이다.
높은 bit 영역의 mixer, interface, feedback workaround이다.
Module snd-usb-audio
--------------------
Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
vid
Vendor ID for the device (optional)
pid
Product ID for the device (optional)
nrpacks
Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
device_setup
Device specific magic number (optional);
Influence depends on the device
Default: 0x0000
ignore_ctl_error
Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer interface (default: no)
``ignore_ctl_error=1`` may help when you get an error at accessing
the mixer element such as URB error -22. This happens on some
buggy USB device or the controller. This workaround corresponds to
the ``quirk_flags`` bit 14, too.
autoclock
Enable auto-clock selection for UAC2 devices (default: yes)
lowlatency
Enable low latency playback mode (default: yes).
Could disable it to switch back to the old mode if face a regression.
quirk_alias
Quirk alias list, pass strings like ``0123abcd:5678beef``, which
applies the existing quirk for the device 5678:beef to a new
device 0123:abcd.
implicit_fb
Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode. When this is set
and the playback stream sync mode is ASYNC, the driver tries to
tie an adjacent ASYNC capture stream as the implicit feedback
source. This is equivalent with quirk_flags bit 17.
use_vmalloc
Use vmalloc() for allocations of the PCM buffers (default: yes).
For architectures with non-coherent memory like ARM or MIPS, the
mmap access may give inconsistent results with vmalloc'ed
buffers. If mmap is used on such architectures, turn off this
option, so that the DMA-coherent buffers are allocated and used
instead.
delayed_register
The option is needed for devices that have multiple streams
defined in multiple USB interfaces. The driver may invoke
registrations multiple times (once per interface) and this may
lead to the insufficient device enumeration.
This option receives an array of strings, and you can pass
ID:INTERFACE like ``0123abcd:4`` for performing the delayed
registration to the given device. In this example, when a USB
device 0123:abcd is probed, the driver waits the registration
until the USB interface 4 gets probed.
The driver prints a message like "Found post-registration device
assignment: 1234abcd:04" for such a device, so that user can
notice the need.
skip_validation
Skip unit descriptor validation (default: no).
The option is used to ignore the validation errors with the hexdump
of the unit descriptor instead of a driver probe error, so that we
can check its details.
quirk_flags
The option provides a refined and flexible control for applying quirk
flags. It allows to specify the quirk flags for each device, and can
be modified dynamically via sysfs.
The old usage accepts an array of integers, each of which applies quirk
flags on the device in the order of probing.
E.g., ``quirk_flags=0x01,0x02`` applies get_sample_rate to the first
device, and share_media_device to the second device.
The new usage accepts a string in the format of
``VID1:PID1:FLAGS1;VID2:PID2:FLAGS2;...``, where ``VIDx`` and ``PIDx``
specify the device, and ``FLAGSx`` specify the flags to be applied.
``VIDx`` and ``PIDx`` are 4-digit hexadecimal numbers, and can be
specified as ``*`` to match any value. ``FLAGSx`` can be a set of
flags given by name, separated by ``|``, or a hexadecimal number
representing the bit flags. The available flag names are listed below.
An exclamation mark can be prefixed to a flag name to negate the flag.
For example, ``1234:abcd:mixer_playback_min_mute|!ignore_ctl_error;*:*:0x01;``
applies the ``mixer_playback_min_mute`` flag and clears the
``ignore_ctl_error`` flag for the device 1234:abcd, and applies the
``skip_sample_rate`` flag for all devices.
* bit 0: ``get_sample_rate``
Skip reading sample rate for devices
* bit 1: ``share_media_device``
Create Media Controller API entries
* bit 2: ``align_transfer``
Allow alignment on audio sub-slot at transfer
* bit 3: ``tx_length``
Add length specifier to transfers
* bit 4: ``playback_first``
Start playback stream at first in implement feedback mode
* bit 5: ``skip_clock_selector``
Skip clock selector setup
* bit 6: ``ignore_clock_source``
Ignore errors from clock source search
* bit 7: ``itf_usb_dsd_dac``
Indicates ITF-USB DSD-based DACs
* bit 8: ``ctl_msg_delay``
Add a delay of 20ms at each control message handling
* bit 9: ``ctl_msg_delay_1m``
Add a delay of 1-2ms at each control message handling
* bit 10: ``ctl_msg_delay_5m``
Add a delay of 5-6ms at each control message handling
* bit 11: ``iface_delay``
Add a delay of 50ms at each interface setup
* bit 12: ``validate_rates``
Perform sample rate validations at probe
* bit 13: ``disable_autosuspend``
Disable runtime PM autosuspend
* bit 14: ``ignore_ctl_error``
Ignore errors for mixer access
* bit 15: ``dsd_raw``
Support generic DSD raw U32_BE format
* bit 16: ``set_iface_first``
Set up the interface at first like UAC1
* bit 17: ``generic_implicit_fb``
Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode
* bit 18: ``skip_implicit_fb``
Don't apply implicit feedback sync mode
* bit 19: ``iface_skip_close``
Don't close interface during setting sample rate
* bit 20: ``force_iface_reset``
Force an interface reset whenever stopping & restarting a stream
* bit 21: ``fixed_rate``
Do not set PCM rate (frequency) when only one rate is available
for the given endpoint
* bit 22: ``mic_res_16``
Set the fixed resolution 16 for Mic Capture Volume
* bit 23: ``mic_res_384``
Set the fixed resolution 384 for Mic Capture Volume
* bit 24: ``mixer_playback_min_mute``
Set minimum volume control value as mute for devices where the
lowest playback value represents muted state instead of minimum
audible volume
* bit 25: ``mixer_capture_min_mute``
Similar to bit 24 but for capture streams
* bit 26: ``skip_iface_setup``
Skip the probe-time interface setup (usb_set_interface,
init_pitch, init_sample_rate); redundant with
snd_usb_endpoint_prepare() at stream-open time
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
NB: ``nrpacks`` parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
Don't put the value over 20. Changing via sysfs has no sanity
check.
NB: ``ignore_ctl_error=1`` just provides a quick way to work around the
issues. If you have a buggy device that requires these quirks, please
report it to the upstream.
NB: ``quirk_alias`` option is provided only for testing / development.
If you want to have a proper support, contact to upstream for
adding the matching quirk in the driver code statically.
Ditto for ``quirk_flags``. If a device is known to require specific
workarounds, please report to the upstream.
snd-usb-caiaq: Native Instruments caiaq
2396-2407`snd-usb-caiaq`은 caiaq USB audio interface용 module이다. Native Instruments RigKontrol2, Kore Controller, Audio Kontrol 1, Audio 8 DJ를 지원한다.
여러 device, autoprobe와 hotplugging을 지원한다.
Native Instruments caiaq 제품과 연결 기능이다.
Module snd-usb-caiaq
--------------------
Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
* Native Instruments RigKontrol2
* Native Instruments Kore Controller
* Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
* Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
snd-usb-usx2y: Tascam US-122/224/428
2408-2417`snd-usb-usx2y`는 Tascam USB US-122, US-224, US-428 device용 module이다. 여러 device, autoprobe와 hotplugging을 지원한다.
Firmware는 `alsa-tools`와 `alsa-firmware` package에 포함된 `usx2yloader` utility로 load해야 한다.
지원 device와 firmware load 도구이다.
Module snd-usb-usx2y
--------------------
Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
Note: you need to load the firmware via ``usx2yloader`` utility included
in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
snd-via82xx: VIA AC'97 motherboard
2418-2475`snd-via82xx`는 VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233, 8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 south bridge 기반 AC'97 motherboard용 module이다. VIA686A/686B에서 `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x310`, `0x320`, `0x330` 중 하나이며 그 밖의 값은 BIOS 설정에서 얻는다. 같은 chip에서 `joystick`은 기본 off인 joystick을 활성화한다.
`ac97_clock`은 AC'97 codec clock base이며 기본값은 `48000Hz`이다. VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237에서 `dxs_support`는 DXS channel 동작을 정한다. `0`은 기본 auto, `1` enable, `2` disable, `3` 48k only, `4` VRA 미사용, `5`는 모든 sample rate와 channel별 서로 다른 rate를 허용한다. `ac97_quirk`는 특이한 hardware의 AC'97 workaround를 지정한다.
Chip 하나와 autoprobe를 지원한다. MSI 694D 같은 일부 SMP motherboard에서 interrupt가 올바르게 발생하지 않으면 BIOS의 SMP 또는 MPS version을 기본 `1.4` 대신 `1.1`로 바꿔 IRQ가 15 아래에 배정되게 하거나 BIOS를 upgrade한다.
VIA8233/5/7은 VIA8233A와 달리 첫 PCM에서 DXS direct-sound channel을 지원한다. 최대 네 stream을 동시에 재생하고 channel마다 별도 rate로 sample-rate conversion을 할 수 있다. 기본 `dxs_support=0`은 BIOS bug 때문에 48k 외 rate에서 noise가 발생하는 motherboard가 있어 알려진 device를 제외하면 48k fixed rate를 선택한다.
먼저 `dxs_support=5`로 44.1kHz MP3 같은 다른 rate를 시험하고 성공하면 `lspci -nv`의 PCI subsystem vendor/device ID를 보고한다. 실패하면 `4`, 다시 실패하면 구형 motherboard용 `1`을 차례로 시험한다. 기본 설정만 정상이라면 `3`, 기본도 동작하지 않으면 `2`로 DXS를 끈다. 어느 결과든 subsystem ID와 함께 보고한다.
VIA823x의 MPU401은 `snd-mpu401` driver를 추가로 사용한다. `mpu_port` option은 VIA686 chip에만 해당한다. Power management를 지원한다.
VIA8233/C·8235·8237의 DXS mode와 문제 해결 순서이다.
Module snd-via82xx
------------------
Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233, 8233A,
8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
mpu_port
0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
[VIA686A/686B only]
joystick
Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
ac97_clock
AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
dxs_support
support DXS channels, 0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample rate and different
sample rates on different channels [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
ac97_quirk
AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
not be generated properly. In such a case, please try to
set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
default value 1.4. Then the interrupt number will be
assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
channels as the first PCM. On these channels, up to 4
streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
each channel.
As default (``dxs_support = 0``), 48k fixed rate is chosen
except for the known devices since the output is often
noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
bug of BIOS.
Please try once ``dxs_support=5`` and if it works on other
sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
``lspci -nv``).
If ``dxs_support=5`` does not work, try ``dxs_support=4``; if it
doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1. (dxs_support=1 is
usually for old motherboards. The correct implemented
board should work with 4 or 5.) If it still doesn't
work and the default setting is ok, ``dxs_support=3`` is the
right choice. If the default setting doesn't work at all,
try ``dxs_support=2`` to disable the DXS channels.
In any cases, please let us know the result and the
subsystem vendor/device ids. See `Links and Addresses`_
below.
Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
additionally. The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
The power-management is supported.
snd-via82xx-modem: VIA82xx AC97 modem
2476-2490`snd-via82xx-modem`은 VIA82xx AC97 modem용 module이다. `ac97_clock`은 AC'97 codec clock base이며 기본값은 `48000Hz`이다. Card 하나와 autoprobe, power management를 지원한다.
기본 `index` 값은 `-2`이므로 첫 번째 slot을 제외한다.
Codec clock과 기본 slot 정책이다.
Module snd-via82xx-modem
------------------------
Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
ac97_clock
AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
This module supports one card and autoprobe.
Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
slot is excluded.
The power-management is supported.
snd-virmidi: Virtual RawMIDI
2491-2502`snd-virmidi`는 대응하는 ALSA sequencer port와 통신하는 virtual rawmidi device를 생성한다. `midi_devs`는 MIDI device 수로 `1`~`4`, 기본값은 `4`이다. 여러 card를 지원한다.
Virtual RawMIDI device 수와 연결 대상이다.
Module snd-virmidi
------------------
Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
midi_devs
MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
This module supports multiple cards.
snd-virtuoso: Asus AV66/AV100/AV200
2503-2511`snd-virtuoso`는 Asus AV66, AV100, AV200 chip 기반 card용 module이다. Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, DSX, Essence ST(Deluxe), Essence STX(II), HDAV1.3(Deluxe), HDAV1.3 Slim을 지원한다. Autoprobe와 여러 card를 지원한다.
Asus chip과 Xonar 제품군의 detection 기능이다.
Module snd-virtuoso
-------------------
Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV66/AV100/AV200 chips,
i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, DSX, Essence ST (Deluxe),
Essence STX (II), HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), and HDAV1.3 Slim.
This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
snd-vx222: Digigram VX222
2512-2545`snd-vx222`는 Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2, Mic card용 module이다. `mic`은 V222 Mic의 microphone을 활성화하지만 아직 구현되지 않았다(NYI). `ibl`은 capture IBL size이며 기본값 `0`은 최소 크기를 선택한다. 여러 card를 지원한다.
Module로 빌드되고 hotplug firmware를 지원하면 `alsa-firmware` package의 firmware를 자동 load한다. Hotplug loader가 없으면 `alsa-tools`의 `vxloader`를 사용한다. 자동 실행하려면 `/etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf`에 `install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader`를 추가한다. 2.2/2.4 kernel은 대신 `/etc/modules.conf`에 `post-install /usr/bin/vxloader`를 넣는다.
IBL size는 PCM interrupt period를 정한다. 작을수록 latency가 줄지만 CPU 사용량은 늘어난다. 보통 126에 align되며 기본 `0`은 최소 크기이다. 가능한 값은 `/proc/asound/cardX/vx-status`에서 확인한다. Power management를 지원한다.
Firmware load 방식과 latency·CPU tradeoff를 정리한다.
Module snd-vx222
----------------
Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
mic
Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
ibl
Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
This module supports multiple cards.
When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package. To invoke
vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
::
install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222\
&& /usr/bin/vxloader
(for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add ``post-install /usr/bin/vxloader`` to
/etc/modules.conf, instead.)
IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM. The smaller size
gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
The size is usually aligned to 126. As default (=0), the smallest
size is chosen. The possible IBL values can be found in
/proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
The power-management is supported.
snd-vxpocket: Digigram VX-Pocket
2546-2574`snd-vxpocket`은 Digigram VX-Pocket VX2와 440 PCMCIA card용 module이다. `ibl`은 capture IBL size이며 기본값 `0`은 최소 크기이다. 여러 card를 지원하고 kernel에 PCMCIA 지원이 있을 때만 빌드된다.
구형 2.6.x kernel에서 card manager로 활성화하려면 `/etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf`를 설정하고 `sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c`를 참고한다. 2.6.13 이상은 configuration file이 필요 없다.
Module과 hotplug firmware를 지원하면 `alsa-firmware`의 firmware를 자동 load한다. Hotplug loader가 없으면 `alsa-tools`의 `vxloader`를 사용한다. Capture IBL은 `snd-vx222` 설명을 따른다. `snd-vxp440` driver는 ALSA 1.0.10부터 `snd-vxpocket`에 통합되었다. Power management를 지원한다.
PCMCIA, firmware와 driver 통합 상태를 정리한다.
Module snd-vxpocket
-------------------
Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
ibl
Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
This module supports multiple cards. The module is compiled only when
PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf. See the
sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c. 2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
longer require a config file.
When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
ALSA 1.0.10.
The power-management is supported.
snd-ymfpci: Yamaha YMF72x/74x/75x
2575-2595`snd-ymfpci`는 Yamaha YMF72x, YMF74x, YMF75x PCI chip용 module이다. `mpu_port`는 `0x300`, `0x330`, `0x332`, `0x334`, 기본 disable인 `0`, YMF744/754 전용 auto-detect인 `1`이다. `fm_port`는 `0x388`, `0x398`, `0x3a0`, `0x3a8`, 기본 disable인 `0`, YMF744/754 전용 auto-detect인 `1`이다.
`joystick_port`는 `0x201`, `0x202`, `0x204`, `0x205`, 기본 disable인 `0`, auto-detect인 `1`이다. `rear_switch`는 rear output과 line-in이 공유하는 switch를 활성화한다. Autoprobe, 여러 chip, power management를 지원한다.
Yamaha MIDI, FM, joystick port와 auto-detect 값을 정리한다.
Module snd-ymfpci
-----------------
Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
mpu_port
0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
fm_port
0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
joystick_port
0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
1 (auto-detect)
rear_switch
enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
The power-management is supported.
snd-pdaudiocf: Sound Core PDAudioCF
2596-2603`snd-pdaudiocf`는 Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card용 module이며 power management를 지원한다.
PDAudioCF의 전원 관리 지원이다.
Module snd-pdaudiocf
--------------------
Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
The power-management is supported.
AC97 Quirk Option
2604-2644`ac97_quirk`는 `snd-intel8x0` 같은 on-board AC'97 controller driver에서 특정 device의 workaround를 켜거나 덮어쓴다. AC'97 specification version 간 혼동 때문에 일부 hardware는 Master와 Headphone 또는 Surround output pin이 바뀌어 있다.
Driver는 알려진 문제 device를 자동 탐지하지만 알려지지 않았거나 잘못 탐지되는 경우에는 적절한 option 값을 직접 전달한다. `default`는 기본 설정을 덮어쓰지 않고, `none`은 quirk를 끈다. `hp_only`는 Master와 Headphone control을 하나로 묶고, `swap_hp`는 headphone과 master를, `swap_surround`는 master와 surround를 맞바꾼다.
`ad_sharing`은 AD1985에서 OMS bit를 켜고 headphone을 사용한다. `alc_jack`은 ALC65x의 jack-sense mode를 켠다. `inv_eapd`는 반전된 EAPD 구현에 대응하고, `mute_led`는 EAPD bit를 mute LED on/off에 연결한다. 이전 호환성을 위해 대응 integer 값 `-1`, `0`, 그 이후 값도 받을 수 있다.
예를 들어 `Master` volume이 효과가 없고 `Headphone`만 동작하면 `ac97_quirk=hp_only`를 전달한다.
Pin 배치와 control 연결 문제에 맞는 workaround를 선택한다.
AC97 Quirk Option
=================
The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
snd-intel8x0. Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
specifications from version to version :-)
The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
but some might be unknown or wrongly detected. In such a case, pass
the proper value with this option.
The following strings are accepted:
default
Don't override the default setting
none
Disable the quirk
hp_only
Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
swap_hp
Swap headphone and master controls
swap_surround
Swap master and surround controls
ad_sharing
For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
alc_jack
For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
inv_eapd
Inverted EAPD implementation
mute_led
Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0, ...
are accepted, too.
For example, if ``Master`` volume control has no effect on your device
but only ``Headphone`` does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
Non-ISAPNP card 설정
2645-2657Kernel에 ISA-PnP 지원이 있으면 ISA PnP card를 지원하는 module에 `isapnp` option이 생긴다. 이 값을 켜면 ISA-PnP device만 probe한다. Non-ISA-PnP card를 probe하려면 `isapnp=0`과 올바른 I/O 및 IRQ 설정을 함께 전달해야 한다.
Kernel을 ISA-PnP 지원 없이 구성하면 `isapnp` option 자체가 빌드되지 않는다.
Kernel 구성과 card 종류에 따라 module option을 선택한다.
Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
============================
When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
supporting the isapnp cards will have module options ``isapnp``.
If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass ``isapnp=0`` option
together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
will be not built in.
Module 자동 load와 slot 고정
2658-2727ALSA driver는 module alias를 정의해 요청 시 자동 load할 수 있다. ALSA native device는 원문 표기 `snd-card-%1` alias를 요청하며 설명의 `%i`는 0~7 sound card 번호이다. OSS service는 `sound-slot-%i`를 정의하고 `%i`는 ALSA card index에 대응하는 OSS slot 번호이며 보통 같은 card module을 연결한다.
EMU10K1 card 하나라면 `/etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf`에 `alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1`과 `alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1`을 둔다. 자동 load 가능한 card 수는 `snd` module의 `cards_limit`에 따르며 기본값은 `1`이다. 여러 card를 자동 load하려면 이 값을 card 수에 맞춘다.
Card가 여러 개면 순서를 일정하게 유지하도록 각 driver의 `index`도 지정하는 편이 좋다. 예시는 `options snd cards_limit=2`, `snd-interwave`를 index 0, `snd-ens1371`을 index 1로 지정하고 ALSA 및 OSS alias를 같은 순서로 연결한다.
대안은 `snd`의 `slots` option이다. `options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371`은 첫 slot을 `snd-interwave`, 둘째를 `snd-ens1371`에 예약한다. 충돌하지 않는 한 `index`와 함께 쓸 수 있지만 `slots`를 쓰면 각 driver의 `index`를 생략할 수 있다.
`slots`는 hotplug로 인한 slot 충돌을 피할 때 유용하다. 앞의 두 slot이 예약된 상태에서 `snd-usb-audio` 같은 다른 driver가 먼저 load되면 세 번째 이후 slot을 받는다. Module 이름 앞에 `!`를 붙이면 그 module을 제외한 임의 module에 slot을 준다. `slots=!snd-pcsp`는 첫 slot을 `snd-pcsp` 이외의 module용으로 예약한다.
Native ALSA와 OSS service의 자동 load alias를 구분한다.
Driver load 순서와 무관하게 고정 slot을 확보한다.
Module Autoloading Support
==========================
The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
module aliases. The string ``snd-card-%1`` is requested for ALSA native
devices where ``%i`` is sound card number from zero to seven.
To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
``sound-slot-%i`` where ``%i`` means the slot number for OSS, which
corresponds to the card index of ALSA. Usually, define this
as the same card module.
An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
::
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
option ``cards_limit`` of snd module. As default it's set to 1.
To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
sound cards in that option.
When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
cards is kept consistent.
An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
::
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
# ALSA portion
options snd cards_limit=2
alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
options snd-interwave index=0
options snd-ens1371 index=1
# OSS/Free portion
alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
(index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
``slots`` option of snd module. In the case above, specify like the
following:
::
options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
the second (#1) for snd-ens1371. You can omit index option in each
driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
the same time as long as they don't conflict).
The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict. For example, in the
case above again, the first two slots are already reserved. If any
other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
modules but that name. For example, ``slots=!snd-pcsp`` will reserve
the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp.
ALSA PCM과 OSS device mapping
2728-2750`/dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p]`에서 첫 숫자 `X`는 sound card 번호, 둘째 `Y`는 device 번호이다. Suffix `c`는 capture, `p`는 playback 방향을 뜻한다. 이 기본 mapping은 `snd-pcm-oss` module option으로 바꿀 수 있다.
Card와 PCM device 번호가 OSS device 및 minor에 대응하는 기본 관계이다.
ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
=======================================
::
/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp) -> minor 3
/dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp) -> minor 12
/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio1 -> minor 4+16 = 20
/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp1 -> minor 3+16 = 19
/dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp1 -> minor 12+16 = 28
/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio2 -> minor 4+32 = 36
/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp2 -> minor 3+32 = 39
/dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp2 -> minor 12+32 = 44
The first number from ``/dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p]`` expression means
sound card number and second means device number. The ALSA devices
have either ``c`` or ``p`` suffix indicating the direction, capture and
playback, respectively.
Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
options of snd-pcm-oss module.
/proc/asound의 OSS application 설정
2751-2796`/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss`에서 `erase`를 쓰면 OSS application에 관한 추가 정보를 모두 지운다. Application별 규칙은 `<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]` 형식이다. `app_name`은 path 포함 이름이 더 높은 우선순위를 가지며, `fragments`는 fragment 수 또는 auto인 `0`, `fragment_size`는 byte 크기 또는 auto인 `0`이다.
`disable`은 application이 channel의 PCM device를 열지만 사용하지 않을 때 쓰며 bug나 mmap 요구를 우회해 Quake 등에 유용하다. `direct`는 plugin을 쓰지 않고, `block`은 block mode를, `non-block`은 non-block mode를 강제한다.
`whole-frag`는 playback에서 전체 fragment만 write하도록 최적화하고, `no-silence`는 click을 피하기 위한 선행 silence 채우기를 하지 않는다. `buggy-ptr`은 `GETOPTR` ioctl에서 채워진 block 대신 빈 공간 block을 반환한다.
예시는 playback에 `x11amp 128 16384`, capture에 `squake 0 0 disable`, playback에 `rvplayer 0 0 block` 규칙을 각각 echo한다.
Proc rule에 넣을 수 있는 application별 PCM 동작이다.
Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
==============================
/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
-------------------------------
erase
erase all additional information about OSS applications
<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]
<app_name>
name of application with (higher priority) or without path
<fragments>
number of fragments or zero if auto
<fragment_size>
size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
<options>
optional parameters
disable
the application tries to open a pcm device for
this channel but does not want to use it.
(Cause a bug or mmap needs)
It's good for Quake etc...
direct
don't use plugins
block
force block mode (rvplayer)
non-block
force non-block mode
whole-frag
write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
playback only)
no-silence
do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
buggy-ptr
Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
instead of filled blocks
Example:
::
echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
Early Buffer Allocation
2797-2826`hdsp` 같은 일부 driver는 큰 contiguous buffer가 필요하지만 실제 module load 시점에는 memory fragmentation 때문에 공간을 찾지 못할 수 있다. 이를 피하려면 `/etc/init.d/*.local` 같은 early boot 단계에서 `snd-page-alloc`을 load하고 proc file에 command를 써 PCM buffer를 미리 할당한다.
`/proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc`을 읽으면 현재 page allocation 사용량을 확인한다. Write command `add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS`에서 VENDOR와 DEVICE는 PCI ID이며 hexadecimal에는 `0x` prefix가 필요하다. MASK는 PCI DMA mask이고 제한이 없으면 `0`이다.
SIZE는 buffer 하나의 크기이며 KB와 MB에는 `k`, `m` suffix를 쓸 수 있고 최대 `16MB`이다. BUFFERS는 할당할 buffer 수로 0보다 커야 하며 최대 `4`이다. `erase`는 사용 중이 아닌 pre-allocated buffer를 모두 지운다.
조기 PCM buffer 할당 인자와 제한이다.
Early Buffer Allocation
=======================
Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
actually loaded due to memory fragmentation. You can pre-allocate the
PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
``/etc/init.d/*.local`` scripts.
Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
usage of page allocation. In writing, you can send the following
commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
* add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs. They take
integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
MASK is the PCI DMA mask. Pass 0 if not restricted.
SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate. You can pass
k and m suffix for KB and MB. The max number is 16MB.
BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate. It must be greater
than 0. The max number is 4.
* erase
This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
use.
Links and Addresses
2827-2837추가 정보와 문제 보고 경로로 ALSA project homepage, Kernel Bugzilla, ALSA Developers mailing list, `alsa-info.sh` script 주소를 제공한다.
원문에 수록된 project, bug, mailing list와 진단 script 주소이다.
Links and Addresses
===================
ALSA project homepage
http://www.alsa-project.org
Kernel Bugzilla
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/
ALSA Developers ML
mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
alsa-info.sh script
https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
요약·해설
alsa-configuration.rst:1-2837ALSA driver 설정 안내서는 kernel의 기본 sound·OSS emulation·sequencer·debug 선택부터 core module과 card driver별 module parameter까지 설명합니다. 카드 순서와 식별자는 index·id·enable 및 slots로 제어하며, 현대 PulseAudio·PipeWire 환경에서는 정적 순서 지정의 필요성이 줄었지만 다중 controller나 고정 구성이 필요한 시스템에서는 여전히 유용합니다.