요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.
1. 요약·해설
원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.
2. 영어 원문 전체
번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.
원문 전체 펼치기
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
=========================================================
SCC.C - Linux driver for Z8530 based HDLC cards for AX.25
=========================================================
This is a subset of the documentation. To use this driver you MUST have the
full package from:
Internet:
1. ftp://ftp.ccac.rwth-aachen.de/pub/jr/z8530drv-utils_3.0-3.tar.gz
2. ftp://ftp.pspt.fi/pub/ham/linux/ax25/z8530drv-utils_3.0-3.tar.gz
Please note that the information in this document may be hopelessly outdated.
A new version of the documentation, along with links to other important
Linux Kernel AX.25 documentation and programs, is available on
http://yaina.de/jreuter
Copyright |copy| 1993,2000 by Joerg Reuter DL1BKE <jreuter@yaina.de>
portions Copyright |copy| 1993 Guido ten Dolle PE1NNZ
for the complete copyright notice see >> Copying.Z8530DRV <<
1. Initialization of the driver
===============================
To use the driver, 3 steps must be performed:
1. if compiled as module: loading the module
2. Setup of hardware, MODEM and KISS parameters with sccinit
3. Attach each channel to the Linux kernel AX.25 with "ifconfig"
Unlike the versions below 2.4 this driver is a real network device
driver. If you want to run xNOS instead of our fine kernel AX.25
use a 2.x version (available from above sites) or read the
AX.25-HOWTO on how to emulate a KISS TNC on network device drivers.
1.1 Loading the module
======================
(If you're going to compile the driver as a part of the kernel image,
skip this chapter and continue with 1.2)
Before you can use a module, you'll have to load it with::
insmod scc.o
please read 'man insmod' that comes with module-init-tools.
You should include the insmod in one of the /etc/rc.d/rc.* files,
and don't forget to insert a call of sccinit after that. It
will read your /etc/z8530drv.conf.
1.2. /etc/z8530drv.conf
=======================
To setup all parameters you must run /sbin/sccinit from one
of your rc.*-files. This has to be done BEFORE you can
"ifconfig" an interface. Sccinit reads the file /etc/z8530drv.conf
and sets the hardware, MODEM and KISS parameters. A sample file is
delivered with this package. Change it to your needs.
The file itself consists of two main sections.
1.2.1 configuration of hardware parameters
==========================================
The hardware setup section defines the following parameters for each
Z8530::
chip 1
data_a 0x300 # data port A
ctrl_a 0x304 # control port A
data_b 0x301 # data port B
ctrl_b 0x305 # control port B
irq 5 # IRQ No. 5
pclock 4915200 # clock
board BAYCOM # hardware type
escc no # enhanced SCC chip? (8580/85180/85280)
vector 0 # latch for interrupt vector
special no # address of special function register
option 0 # option to set via sfr
chip
- this is just a delimiter to make sccinit a bit simpler to
program. A parameter has no effect.
data_a
- the address of the data port A of this Z8530 (needed)
ctrl_a
- the address of the control port A (needed)
data_b
- the address of the data port B (needed)
ctrl_b
- the address of the control port B (needed)
irq
- the used IRQ for this chip. Different chips can use different
IRQs or the same. If they share an interrupt, it needs to be
specified within one chip-definition only.
pclock - the clock at the PCLK pin of the Z8530 (option, 4915200 is
default), measured in Hertz
board
- the "type" of the board:
======================= ========
SCC type value
======================= ========
PA0HZP SCC card PA0HZP
EAGLE card EAGLE
PC100 card PC100
PRIMUS-PC (DG9BL) card PRIMUS
BayCom (U)SCC card BAYCOM
======================= ========
escc
- if you want support for ESCC chips (8580, 85180, 85280), set
this to "yes" (option, defaults to "no")
vector
- address of the vector latch (aka "intack port") for PA0HZP
cards. There can be only one vector latch for all chips!
(option, defaults to 0)
special
- address of the special function register on several cards.
(option, defaults to 0)
option - The value you write into that register (option, default is 0)
You can specify up to four chips (8 channels). If this is not enough,
just change::
#define MAXSCC 4
to a higher value.
Example for the BAYCOM USCC:
----------------------------
::
chip 1
data_a 0x300 # data port A
ctrl_a 0x304 # control port A
data_b 0x301 # data port B
ctrl_b 0x305 # control port B
irq 5 # IRQ No. 5 (#)
board BAYCOM # hardware type (*)
#
# SCC chip 2
#
chip 2
data_a 0x302
ctrl_a 0x306
data_b 0x303
ctrl_b 0x307
board BAYCOM
An example for a PA0HZP card:
-----------------------------
::
chip 1
data_a 0x153
data_b 0x151
ctrl_a 0x152
ctrl_b 0x150
irq 9
pclock 4915200
board PA0HZP
vector 0x168
escc no
#
#
#
chip 2
data_a 0x157
data_b 0x155
ctrl_a 0x156
ctrl_b 0x154
irq 9
pclock 4915200
board PA0HZP
vector 0x168
escc no
A DRSI would should probably work with this:
--------------------------------------------
(actually: two DRSI cards...)
::
chip 1
data_a 0x303
data_b 0x301
ctrl_a 0x302
ctrl_b 0x300
irq 7
pclock 4915200
board DRSI
escc no
#
#
#
chip 2
data_a 0x313
data_b 0x311
ctrl_a 0x312
ctrl_b 0x310
irq 7
pclock 4915200
board DRSI
escc no
Note that you cannot use the on-board baudrate generator off DRSI
cards. Use "mode dpll" for clock source (see below).
This is based on information provided by Mike Bilow (and verified
by Paul Helay)
The utility "gencfg"
--------------------
If you only know the parameters for the PE1CHL driver for DOS,
run gencfg. It will generate the correct port addresses (I hope).
Its parameters are exactly the same as the ones you use with
the "attach scc" command in net, except that the string "init" must
not appear. Example::
gencfg 2 0x150 4 2 0 1 0x168 9 4915200
will print a skeleton z8530drv.conf for the OptoSCC to stdout.
::
gencfg 2 0x300 2 4 5 -4 0 7 4915200 0x10
does the same for the BAYCOM USCC card. In my opinion it is much easier
to edit scc_config.h...
1.2.2 channel configuration
===========================
The channel definition is divided into three sub sections for each
channel:
An example for scc0::
# DEVICE
device scc0 # the device for the following params
# MODEM / BUFFERS
speed 1200 # the default baudrate
clock dpll # clock source:
# dpll = normal half duplex operation
# external = MODEM provides own Rx/Tx clock
# divider = use full duplex divider if
# installed (1)
mode nrzi # HDLC encoding mode
# nrzi = 1k2 MODEM, G3RUH 9k6 MODEM
# nrz = DF9IC 9k6 MODEM
#
bufsize 384 # size of buffers. Note that this must include
# the AX.25 header, not only the data field!
# (optional, defaults to 384)
# KISS (Layer 1)
txdelay 36 # (see chapter 1.4)
persist 64
slot 8
tail 8
fulldup 0
wait 12
min 3
maxkey 7
idle 3
maxdef 120
group 0
txoff off
softdcd on
slip off
The order WITHIN these sections is unimportant. The order OF these
sections IS important. The MODEM parameters are set with the first
recognized KISS parameter...
Please note that you can initialize the board only once after boot
(or insmod). You can change all parameters but "mode" and "clock"
later with the Sccparam program or through KISS. Just to avoid
security holes...
(1) this divider is usually mounted on the SCC-PBC (PA0HZP) or not
present at all (BayCom). It feeds back the output of the DPLL
(digital pll) as transmit clock. Using this mode without a divider
installed will normally result in keying the transceiver until
maxkey expires --- of course without sending anything (useful).
2. Attachment of a channel by your AX.25 software
=================================================
2.1 Kernel AX.25
================
To set up an AX.25 device you can simply type::
ifconfig scc0 44.128.1.1 hw ax25 dl0tha-7
This will create a network interface with the IP number 44.128.20.107
and the callsign "dl0tha". If you do not have any IP number (yet) you
can use any of the 44.128.0.0 network. Note that you do not need
axattach. The purpose of axattach (like slattach) is to create a KISS
network device linked to a TTY. Please read the documentation of the
ax25-utils and the AX.25-HOWTO to learn how to set the parameters of
the kernel AX.25.
2.2 NOS, NET and TFKISS
=======================
Since the TTY driver (aka KISS TNC emulation) is gone you need
to emulate the old behaviour. The cost of using these programs is
that you probably need to compile the kernel AX.25, regardless of whether
you actually use it or not. First setup your /etc/ax25/axports,
for example::
9k6 dl0tha-9 9600 255 4 9600 baud port (scc3)
axlink dl0tha-15 38400 255 4 Link to NOS
Now "ifconfig" the scc device::
ifconfig scc3 44.128.1.1 hw ax25 dl0tha-9
You can now axattach a pseudo-TTY::
axattach /dev/ptys0 axlink
and start your NOS and attach /dev/ptys0 there. The problem is that
NOS is reachable only via digipeating through the kernel AX.25
(disastrous on a DAMA controlled channel). To solve this problem,
configure "rxecho" to echo the incoming frames from "9k6" to "axlink"
and outgoing frames from "axlink" to "9k6" and start::
rxecho
Or simply use "kissbridge" coming with z8530drv-utils::
ifconfig scc3 hw ax25 dl0tha-9
kissbridge scc3 /dev/ptys0
3. Adjustment and Display of parameters
=======================================
3.1 Displaying SCC Parameters:
==============================
Once a SCC channel has been attached, the parameter settings and
some statistic information can be shown using the param program::
dl1bke-u:~$ sccstat scc0
Parameters:
speed : 1200 baud
txdelay : 36
persist : 255
slottime : 0
txtail : 8
fulldup : 1
waittime : 12
mintime : 3 sec
maxkeyup : 7 sec
idletime : 3 sec
maxdefer : 120 sec
group : 0x00
txoff : off
softdcd : on
SLIP : off
Status:
HDLC Z8530 Interrupts Buffers
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sent : 273 RxOver : 0 RxInts : 125074 Size : 384
Received : 1095 TxUnder: 0 TxInts : 4684 NoSpace : 0
RxErrors : 1591 ExInts : 11776
TxErrors : 0 SpInts : 1503
Tx State : idle
The status info shown is:
============== ==============================================================
Sent number of frames transmitted
Received number of frames received
RxErrors number of receive errors (CRC, ABORT)
TxErrors number of discarded Tx frames (due to various reasons)
Tx State status of the Tx interrupt handler: idle/busy/active/tail (2)
RxOver number of receiver overruns
TxUnder number of transmitter underruns
RxInts number of receiver interrupts
TxInts number of transmitter interrupts
EpInts number of receiver special condition interrupts
SpInts number of external/status interrupts
Size maximum size of an AX.25 frame (*with* AX.25 headers!)
NoSpace number of times a buffer could not get allocated
============== ==============================================================
An overrun is abnormal. If lots of these occur, the product of
baudrate and number of interfaces is too high for the processing
power of your computer. NoSpace errors are unlikely to be caused by the
driver or the kernel AX.25.
3.2 Setting Parameters
======================
The setting of parameters of the emulated KISS TNC is done in the
same way in the SCC driver. You can change parameters by using
the kissparms program from the ax25-utils package or use the program
"sccparam"::
sccparam <device> <paramname> <decimal-|hexadecimal value>
You can change the following parameters:
=========== =====
param value
=========== =====
speed 1200
txdelay 36
persist 255
slottime 0
txtail 8
fulldup 1
waittime 12
mintime 3
maxkeyup 7
idletime 3
maxdefer 120
group 0x00
txoff off
softdcd on
SLIP off
=========== =====
The parameters have the following meaning:
speed:
The baudrate on this channel in bits/sec
Example: sccparam /dev/scc3 speed 9600
txdelay:
The delay (in units of 10 ms) after keying of the
transmitter, until the first byte is sent. This is usually
called "TXDELAY" in a TNC. When 0 is specified, the driver
will just wait until the CTS signal is asserted. This
assumes the presence of a timer or other circuitry in the
MODEM and/or transmitter, that asserts CTS when the
transmitter is ready for data.
A normal value of this parameter is 30-36.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 txd 20
persist:
This is the probability that the transmitter will be keyed
when the channel is found to be free. It is a value from 0
to 255, and the probability is (value+1)/256. The value
should be somewhere near 50-60, and should be lowered when
the channel is used more heavily.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc2 persist 20
slottime:
This is the time between samples of the channel. It is
expressed in units of 10 ms. About 200-300 ms (value 20-30)
seems to be a good value.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 slot 20
tail:
The time the transmitter will remain keyed after the last
byte of a packet has been transferred to the SCC. This is
necessary because the CRC and a flag still have to leave the
SCC before the transmitter is keyed down. The value depends
on the baudrate selected. A few character times should be
sufficient, e.g. 40ms at 1200 baud. (value 4)
The value of this parameter is in 10 ms units.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc2 4
full:
The full-duplex mode switch. This can be one of the following
values:
0: The interface will operate in CSMA mode (the normal
half-duplex packet radio operation)
1: Fullduplex mode, i.e. the transmitter will be keyed at
any time, without checking the received carrier. It
will be unkeyed when there are no packets to be sent.
2: Like 1, but the transmitter will remain keyed, also
when there are no packets to be sent. Flags will be
sent in that case, until a timeout (parameter 10)
occurs.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 fulldup off
wait:
The initial waittime before any transmit attempt, after the
frame has been queue for transmit. This is the length of
the first slot in CSMA mode. In full duplex modes it is
set to 0 for maximum performance.
The value of this parameter is in 10 ms units.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc1 wait 4
maxkey:
The maximal time the transmitter will be keyed to send
packets, in seconds. This can be useful on busy CSMA
channels, to avoid "getting a bad reputation" when you are
generating a lot of traffic. After the specified time has
elapsed, no new frame will be started. Instead, the trans-
mitter will be switched off for a specified time (parameter
min), and then the selected algorithm for keyup will be
started again.
The value 0 as well as "off" will disable this feature,
and allow infinite transmission time.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 maxk 20
min:
This is the time the transmitter will be switched off when
the maximum transmission time is exceeded.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc3 min 10
idle:
This parameter specifies the maximum idle time in full duplex
2 mode, in seconds. When no frames have been sent for this
time, the transmitter will be keyed down. A value of 0 is
has same result as the fullduplex mode 1. This parameter
can be disabled.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc2 idle off # transmit forever
maxdefer
This is the maximum time (in seconds) to wait for a free channel
to send. When this timer expires the transmitter will be keyed
IMMEDIATELY. If you love to get trouble with other users you
should set this to a very low value ;-)
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 maxdefer 240 # 2 minutes
txoff:
When this parameter has the value 0, the transmission of packets
is enable. Otherwise it is disabled.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc2 txoff on
group:
It is possible to build special radio equipment to use more than
one frequency on the same band, e.g. using several receivers and
only one transmitter that can be switched between frequencies.
Also, you can connect several radios that are active on the same
band. In these cases, it is not possible, or not a good idea, to
transmit on more than one frequency. The SCC driver provides a
method to lock transmitters on different interfaces, using the
"param <interface> group <x>" command. This will only work when
you are using CSMA mode (parameter full = 0).
The number <x> must be 0 if you want no group restrictions, and
can be computed as follows to create restricted groups:
<x> is the sum of some OCTAL numbers:
=== =======================================================
200 This transmitter will only be keyed when all other
transmitters in the group are off.
100 This transmitter will only be keyed when the carrier
detect of all other interfaces in the group is off.
0xx A byte that can be used to define different groups.
Interfaces are in the same group, when the logical AND
between their xx values is nonzero.
=== =======================================================
Examples:
When 2 interfaces use group 201, their transmitters will never be
keyed at the same time.
When 2 interfaces use group 101, the transmitters will only key
when both channels are clear at the same time. When group 301,
the transmitters will not be keyed at the same time.
Don't forget to convert the octal numbers into decimal before
you set the parameter.
Example: (to be written)
softdcd:
use a software dcd instead of the real one... Useful for a very
slow squelch.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 soft on
4. Problems
===========
If you have tx-problems with your BayCom USCC card please check
the manufacturer of the 8530. SGS chips have a slightly
different timing. Try Zilog... A solution is to write to register 8
instead to the data port, but this won't work with the ESCC chips.
*SIGH!*
A very common problem is that the PTT locks until the maxkeyup timer
expires, although interrupts and clock source are correct. In most
cases compiling the driver with CONFIG_SCC_DELAY (set with
make config) solves the problems. For more hints read the (pseudo) FAQ
and the documentation coming with z8530drv-utils.
I got reports that the driver has problems on some 386-based systems.
(i.e. Amstrad) Those systems have a bogus AT bus timing which will
lead to delayed answers on interrupts. You can recognize these
problems by looking at the output of Sccstat for the suspected
port. If it shows under- and overruns you own such a system.
Delayed processing of received data: This depends on
- the kernel version
- kernel profiling compiled or not
- a high interrupt load
- a high load of the machine --- running X, Xmorph, XV and Povray,
while compiling the kernel... hmm ... even with 32 MB RAM ... ;-)
Or running a named for the whole .ampr.org domain on an 8 MB
box...
- using information from rxecho or kissbridge.
Kernel panics: please read /linux/README and find out if it
really occurred within the scc driver.
If you cannot solve a problem, send me
- a description of the problem,
- information on your hardware (computer system, scc board, modem)
- your kernel version
- the output of cat /proc/net/z8530
4. Thor RLC100
==============
Mysteriously this board seems not to work with the driver. Anyone
got it up-and-running?
Many thanks to Linus Torvalds and Alan Cox for including the driver
in the Linux standard distribution and their support.
::
Joerg Reuter ampr-net: dl1bke@db0pra.ampr.org
AX-25 : DL1BKE @ DB0ABH.#BAY.DEU.EU
Internet: jreuter@yaina.de
WWW : http://yaina.de/jreuter
3. 한국어 전문 번역
영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.
드라이버 초기화와 module 적재
1-68이 문서는 `GPL-2.0` 라이선스를 따릅니다.
SCC.C - AX.25용 Z8530 기반 HDLC card의 Linux 드라이버
이 문서는 전체 설명서의 일부입니다. 이 드라이버를 사용하려면 다음 위치에서 전체 package를 받아야 한다고 원문은 안내합니다.
- `ftp://ftp.ccac.rwth-aachen.de/pub/jr/z8530drv-utils_3.0-3.tar.gz`
- `ftp://ftp.pspt.fi/pub/ham/linux/ax25/z8530drv-utils_3.0-3.tar.gz`
문서 정보는 심각하게 오래되었을 수 있습니다. 원문은 새 설명서와 Linux 커널 AX.25 관련 문서·프로그램 링크를 `http://yaina.de/jreuter`에서 제공한다고 안내합니다. 이 FTP와 웹 주소는 역사적 기록이므로 현재 유효성은 별도로 확인해야 합니다.
Copyright 1993, 2000 Joerg Reuter DL1BKE `<jreuter@yaina.de>`. 일부는 Copyright 1993 Guido ten Dolle PE1NNZ입니다. 전체 저작권 고지는 `Copying.Z8530DRV`를 참조하십시오.
1. 드라이버 초기화
드라이버를 사용하려면 다음 세 단계를 수행해야 합니다.
- module로 빌드했다면 module을 적재합니다.
- `sccinit`으로 hardware, MODEM, KISS parameter를 설정합니다.
- `ifconfig`로 각 channel을 Linux 커널 AX.25에 연결합니다.
2.4 미만 버전과 달리 이 드라이버는 실제 network device 드라이버입니다. 커널 AX.25 대신 xNOS를 실행하려면 위 사이트에서 2.x 버전을 사용하거나, network device 드라이버에서 KISS TNC를 흉내 내는 방법을 `AX.25-HOWTO`에서 확인하십시오.
module 적재부터 AX.25 interface 연결까지의 필수 순서입니다.
1.1 module 적재
드라이버를 커널 image 일부로 빌드할 예정이라면 이 절을 건너뛰고 1.2로 이동하십시오. module로 사용할 때는 다음과 같이 적재합니다.
insmod scc.o
자세한 내용은 module-init-tools와 함께 제공되는 `man insmod`를 읽으십시오.
`insmod`를 `/etc/rc.d/rc.*` 파일 중 하나에 넣고, 그 뒤에 `sccinit` 호출도 추가해야 합니다. `sccinit`은 `/etc/z8530drv.conf`를 읽습니다.
1.2 `/etc/z8530drv.conf`
모든 parameter를 설정하려면 `rc.*` 파일 중 하나에서 `/sbin/sccinit`을 실행해야 합니다. 이 작업은 interface에 `ifconfig`를 실행하기 전에 완료해야 합니다.
`sccinit`은 `/etc/z8530drv.conf`를 읽어 hardware, MODEM, KISS parameter를 설정합니다. package에 들어 있는 예제 파일을 환경에 맞게 바꾸십시오. 파일은 크게 두 section으로 구성됩니다.
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
=========================================================
SCC.C - Linux driver for Z8530 based HDLC cards for AX.25
=========================================================
This is a subset of the documentation. To use this driver you MUST have the
full package from:
Internet:
1. ftp://ftp.ccac.rwth-aachen.de/pub/jr/z8530drv-utils_3.0-3.tar.gz
2. ftp://ftp.pspt.fi/pub/ham/linux/ax25/z8530drv-utils_3.0-3.tar.gz
Please note that the information in this document may be hopelessly outdated.
A new version of the documentation, along with links to other important
Linux Kernel AX.25 documentation and programs, is available on
http://yaina.de/jreuter
Copyright |copy| 1993,2000 by Joerg Reuter DL1BKE <jreuter@yaina.de>
portions Copyright |copy| 1993 Guido ten Dolle PE1NNZ
for the complete copyright notice see >> Copying.Z8530DRV <<
1. Initialization of the driver
===============================
To use the driver, 3 steps must be performed:
1. if compiled as module: loading the module
2. Setup of hardware, MODEM and KISS parameters with sccinit
3. Attach each channel to the Linux kernel AX.25 with "ifconfig"
Unlike the versions below 2.4 this driver is a real network device
driver. If you want to run xNOS instead of our fine kernel AX.25
use a 2.x version (available from above sites) or read the
AX.25-HOWTO on how to emulate a KISS TNC on network device drivers.
1.1 Loading the module
======================
(If you're going to compile the driver as a part of the kernel image,
skip this chapter and continue with 1.2)
Before you can use a module, you'll have to load it with::
insmod scc.o
please read 'man insmod' that comes with module-init-tools.
You should include the insmod in one of the /etc/rc.d/rc.* files,
and don't forget to insert a call of sccinit after that. It
will read your /etc/z8530drv.conf.
1.2. /etc/z8530drv.conf
=======================
To setup all parameters you must run /sbin/sccinit from one
of your rc.*-files. This has to be done BEFORE you can
"ifconfig" an interface. Sccinit reads the file /etc/z8530drv.conf
and sets the hardware, MODEM and KISS parameters. A sample file is
delivered with this package. Change it to your needs.
Z8530 hardware parameter 설정
69-2521.2.1 hardware parameter 설정
hardware setup section은 각 Z8530에 대해 다음 parameter를 정의합니다.
chip 1
data_a 0x300
ctrl_a 0x304
data_b 0x301
ctrl_b 0x305
irq 5
pclock 4915200
board BAYCOM
escc no
vector 0
special no
option 0
필수 port 주소와 선택 hardware 정보를 구분했습니다.
`board`에 사용할 수 있는 값은 PA0HZP SCC card의 `PA0HZP`, EAGLE card의 `EAGLE`, PC100 card의 `PC100`, PRIMUS-PC(DG9BL) card의 `PRIMUS`, BayCom (U)SCC card의 `BAYCOM`입니다.
최대 네 chip, 즉 여덟 channel을 지정할 수 있습니다. 더 필요하다면 소스의 `#define MAXSCC 4`를 더 큰 값으로 바꾸십시오.
BAYCOM USCC 예제
chip 1
data_a 0x300
ctrl_a 0x304
data_b 0x301
ctrl_b 0x305
irq 5
board BAYCOM
chip 2
data_a 0x302
ctrl_a 0x306
data_b 0x303
ctrl_b 0x307
board BAYCOM
첫 chip 정의에 IRQ를 지정하고 두 번째 chip은 같은 interrupt를 공유하는 구성입니다.
PA0HZP card 예제
chip 1
data_a 0x153
data_b 0x151
ctrl_a 0x152
ctrl_b 0x150
irq 9
pclock 4915200
board PA0HZP
vector 0x168
escc no
chip 2
data_a 0x157
data_b 0x155
ctrl_a 0x156
ctrl_b 0x154
irq 9
pclock 4915200
board PA0HZP
vector 0x168
escc no
DRSI card 두 장에 사용할 것으로 예상한 예제
chip 1
data_a 0x303
data_b 0x301
ctrl_a 0x302
ctrl_b 0x300
irq 7
pclock 4915200
board DRSI
escc no
chip 2
data_a 0x313
data_b 0x311
ctrl_a 0x312
ctrl_b 0x310
irq 7
pclock 4915200
board DRSI
escc no
DRSI card의 내장 baudrate generator는 사용할 수 없습니다. clock source에는 아래에서 설명하는 `mode dpll`을 사용하십시오. 이 정보는 Mike Bilow가 제공했고 Paul Helay가 검증했습니다.
`gencfg` utility
DOS용 PE1CHL 드라이버 parameter만 알고 있다면 `gencfg`를 실행하십시오. 작성자의 표현대로라면 올바른 port 주소를 생성할 것입니다. parameter는 `net`의 `attach scc` 명령과 같지만 `init` 문자열은 넣지 않습니다.
gencfg 2 0x150 4 2 0 1 0x168 9 4915200
gencfg 2 0x300 2 4 5 -4 0 7 4915200 0x10
첫 명령은 OptoSCC용 `z8530drv.conf` 골격을 표준 출력으로 내보내고, 두 번째 명령은 BAYCOM USCC card용 골격을 만듭니다. 작성자는 `scc_config.h`를 직접 편집하는 편이 훨씬 쉽다는 의견도 남겼습니다.
The file itself consists of two main sections.
1.2.1 configuration of hardware parameters
==========================================
The hardware setup section defines the following parameters for each
Z8530::
chip 1
data_a 0x300 # data port A
ctrl_a 0x304 # control port A
data_b 0x301 # data port B
ctrl_b 0x305 # control port B
irq 5 # IRQ No. 5
pclock 4915200 # clock
board BAYCOM # hardware type
escc no # enhanced SCC chip? (8580/85180/85280)
vector 0 # latch for interrupt vector
special no # address of special function register
option 0 # option to set via sfr
chip
- this is just a delimiter to make sccinit a bit simpler to
program. A parameter has no effect.
data_a
- the address of the data port A of this Z8530 (needed)
ctrl_a
- the address of the control port A (needed)
data_b
- the address of the data port B (needed)
ctrl_b
- the address of the control port B (needed)
irq
- the used IRQ for this chip. Different chips can use different
IRQs or the same. If they share an interrupt, it needs to be
specified within one chip-definition only.
pclock - the clock at the PCLK pin of the Z8530 (option, 4915200 is
default), measured in Hertz
board
- the "type" of the board:
======================= ========
SCC type value
======================= ========
PA0HZP SCC card PA0HZP
EAGLE card EAGLE
PC100 card PC100
PRIMUS-PC (DG9BL) card PRIMUS
BayCom (U)SCC card BAYCOM
======================= ========
escc
- if you want support for ESCC chips (8580, 85180, 85280), set
this to "yes" (option, defaults to "no")
vector
- address of the vector latch (aka "intack port") for PA0HZP
cards. There can be only one vector latch for all chips!
(option, defaults to 0)
special
- address of the special function register on several cards.
(option, defaults to 0)
option - The value you write into that register (option, default is 0)
You can specify up to four chips (8 channels). If this is not enough,
just change::
#define MAXSCC 4
to a higher value.
Example for the BAYCOM USCC:
----------------------------
::
chip 1
data_a 0x300 # data port A
ctrl_a 0x304 # control port A
data_b 0x301 # data port B
ctrl_b 0x305 # control port B
irq 5 # IRQ No. 5 (#)
board BAYCOM # hardware type (*)
#
# SCC chip 2
#
chip 2
data_a 0x302
ctrl_a 0x306
data_b 0x303
ctrl_b 0x307
board BAYCOM
An example for a PA0HZP card:
-----------------------------
::
chip 1
data_a 0x153
data_b 0x151
ctrl_a 0x152
ctrl_b 0x150
irq 9
pclock 4915200
board PA0HZP
vector 0x168
escc no
#
#
#
chip 2
data_a 0x157
data_b 0x155
ctrl_a 0x156
ctrl_b 0x154
irq 9
pclock 4915200
board PA0HZP
vector 0x168
escc no
A DRSI would should probably work with this:
--------------------------------------------
(actually: two DRSI cards...)
::
chip 1
data_a 0x303
data_b 0x301
ctrl_a 0x302
ctrl_b 0x300
irq 7
pclock 4915200
board DRSI
escc no
#
#
#
chip 2
data_a 0x313
data_b 0x311
ctrl_a 0x312
ctrl_b 0x310
irq 7
pclock 4915200
board DRSI
escc no
Note that you cannot use the on-board baudrate generator off DRSI
cards. Use "mode dpll" for clock source (see below).
This is based on information provided by Mike Bilow (and verified
by Paul Helay)
The utility "gencfg"
--------------------
If you only know the parameters for the PE1CHL driver for DOS,
run gencfg. It will generate the correct port addresses (I hope).
Its parameters are exactly the same as the ones you use with
the "attach scc" command in net, except that the string "init" must
not appear. Example::
gencfg 2 0x150 4 2 0 1 0x168 9 4915200
will print a skeleton z8530drv.conf for the OptoSCC to stdout.
::
gencfg 2 0x300 2 4 5 -4 0 7 4915200 0x10
does the same for the BAYCOM USCC card. In my opinion it is much easier
to edit scc_config.h...
Channel의 MODEM·buffer·KISS 설정
253-3121.2.2 channel 설정
각 channel 정의는 DEVICE, MODEM/BUFFERS, KISS(Layer 1)의 세 subsection으로 나뉩니다. 다음은 `scc0` 예제입니다.
device scc0
speed 1200
clock dpll
mode nrzi
bufsize 384
txdelay 36
persist 64
slot 8
tail 8
fulldup 0
wait 12
min 3
maxkey 7
idle 3
maxdef 120
group 0
txoff off
softdcd on
slip off
channel 예제의 MODEM/BUFFERS parameter 의미입니다.
각 subsection 내부의 parameter 순서는 중요하지 않지만 subsection 자체의 순서는 중요합니다. MODEM parameter는 처음 인식된 KISS parameter와 함께 설정됩니다.
board는 boot 또는 `insmod` 뒤 한 번만 초기화할 수 있습니다. 그 뒤에는 보안 문제를 피하기 위해 `mode`와 `clock`을 제외한 parameter만 `Sccparam` 또는 KISS를 통해 변경할 수 있습니다.
`divider`는 보통 SCC-PBC(PA0HZP)에 장착되고 BayCom에는 전혀 없습니다. 이 회로는 DPLL(digital PLL) 출력을 송신 clock으로 되돌립니다.
divider가 설치되지 않은 상태에서 이 mode를 사용하면 보통 transceiver가 `maxkey` 만료 때까지 keying된 채 아무것도 보내지 못합니다.
1.2.2 channel configuration
===========================
The channel definition is divided into three sub sections for each
channel:
An example for scc0::
# DEVICE
device scc0 # the device for the following params
# MODEM / BUFFERS
speed 1200 # the default baudrate
clock dpll # clock source:
# dpll = normal half duplex operation
# external = MODEM provides own Rx/Tx clock
# divider = use full duplex divider if
# installed (1)
mode nrzi # HDLC encoding mode
# nrzi = 1k2 MODEM, G3RUH 9k6 MODEM
# nrz = DF9IC 9k6 MODEM
#
bufsize 384 # size of buffers. Note that this must include
# the AX.25 header, not only the data field!
# (optional, defaults to 384)
# KISS (Layer 1)
txdelay 36 # (see chapter 1.4)
persist 64
slot 8
tail 8
fulldup 0
wait 12
min 3
maxkey 7
idle 3
maxdef 120
group 0
txoff off
softdcd on
slip off
The order WITHIN these sections is unimportant. The order OF these
sections IS important. The MODEM parameters are set with the first
recognized KISS parameter...
Please note that you can initialize the board only once after boot
(or insmod). You can change all parameters but "mode" and "clock"
later with the Sccparam program or through KISS. Just to avoid
security holes...
(1) this divider is usually mounted on the SCC-PBC (PA0HZP) or not
present at all (BayCom). It feeds back the output of the DPLL
(digital pll) as transmit clock. Using this mode without a divider
installed will normally result in keying the transceiver until
maxkey expires --- of course without sending anything (useful).
AX.25 software에 channel 연결
313-3642. AX.25 software에 channel 연결
2.1 커널 AX.25
AX.25 device는 다음 명령으로 설정할 수 있습니다.
ifconfig scc0 44.128.1.1 hw ax25 dl0tha-7
원문 설명은 이 명령이 IP `44.128.20.107`과 callsign `dl0tha`를 가진 network interface를 만든다고 적지만, 실제 예제 인수는 IP `44.128.1.1`과 callsign `dl0tha-7`입니다. 여기서는 원문의 명령과 설명을 모두 그대로 보존합니다.
아직 IP 번호가 없다면 `44.128.0.0` network의 주소를 사용할 수 있다고 문서는 안내합니다. `axattach`는 필요하지 않습니다.
`axattach`는 `slattach`처럼 TTY에 연결된 KISS network device를 만드는 도구입니다. 커널 AX.25 parameter 설정은 ax25-utils 문서와 `AX.25-HOWTO`를 읽으십시오.
2.2 NOS, NET, TFKISS
TTY 드라이버, 즉 KISS TNC emulation이 사라졌으므로 예전 동작을 별도로 흉내 내야 합니다. 이런 프로그램을 쓰려면 실제 사용 여부와 무관하게 커널 AX.25를 빌드해야 할 가능성이 큽니다.
먼저 `/etc/ax25/axports`를 설정합니다.
9k6 dl0tha-9 9600 255 4 9600 baud port (scc3)
axlink dl0tha-15 38400 255 4 Link to NOS
그런 다음 SCC device에 `ifconfig`를 적용합니다.
ifconfig scc3 44.128.1.1 hw ax25 dl0tha-9
이제 pseudo-TTY에 `axattach`를 실행할 수 있습니다.
axattach /dev/ptys0 axlink
NOS를 시작하고 그 안에서 `/dev/ptys0`를 연결합니다. 이 방식에서는 NOS에 커널 AX.25를 통한 digipeating으로만 도달할 수 있는데, DAMA가 제어하는 channel에는 심각한 문제가 됩니다.
해결하려면 `rxecho`가 `9k6`에서 들어오는 frame을 `axlink`로, `axlink`에서 나가는 frame을 `9k6`으로 echo하도록 설정한 뒤 `rxecho`를 시작합니다.
또는 z8530drv-utils의 `kissbridge`를 사용합니다.
ifconfig scc3 hw ax25 dl0tha-9
kissbridge scc3 /dev/ptys0
KISS TNC emulation을 대신하는 두 연결 경로입니다.
2. Attachment of a channel by your AX.25 software
=================================================
2.1 Kernel AX.25
================
To set up an AX.25 device you can simply type::
ifconfig scc0 44.128.1.1 hw ax25 dl0tha-7
This will create a network interface with the IP number 44.128.20.107
and the callsign "dl0tha". If you do not have any IP number (yet) you
can use any of the 44.128.0.0 network. Note that you do not need
axattach. The purpose of axattach (like slattach) is to create a KISS
network device linked to a TTY. Please read the documentation of the
ax25-utils and the AX.25-HOWTO to learn how to set the parameters of
the kernel AX.25.
2.2 NOS, NET and TFKISS
=======================
Since the TTY driver (aka KISS TNC emulation) is gone you need
to emulate the old behaviour. The cost of using these programs is
that you probably need to compile the kernel AX.25, regardless of whether
you actually use it or not. First setup your /etc/ax25/axports,
for example::
9k6 dl0tha-9 9600 255 4 9600 baud port (scc3)
axlink dl0tha-15 38400 255 4 Link to NOS
Now "ifconfig" the scc device::
ifconfig scc3 44.128.1.1 hw ax25 dl0tha-9
You can now axattach a pseudo-TTY::
axattach /dev/ptys0 axlink
and start your NOS and attach /dev/ptys0 there. The problem is that
NOS is reachable only via digipeating through the kernel AX.25
(disastrous on a DAMA controlled channel). To solve this problem,
configure "rxecho" to echo the incoming frames from "9k6" to "axlink"
and outgoing frames from "axlink" to "9k6" and start::
rxecho
Or simply use "kissbridge" coming with z8530drv-utils::
ifconfig scc3 hw ax25 dl0tha-9
kissbridge scc3 /dev/ptys0
SCC parameter와 통계 표시
365-4283. parameter 조정과 표시
3.1 SCC parameter 표시
SCC channel을 연결한 뒤에는 `sccstat` 프로그램으로 parameter 설정과 일부 통계를 볼 수 있습니다.
sccstat scc0
예제 출력의 parameter는 `speed 1200 baud`, `txdelay 36`, `persist 255`, `slottime 0`, `txtail 8`, `fulldup 1`, `waittime 12`, `mintime 3 sec`, `maxkeyup 7 sec`, `idletime 3 sec`, `maxdefer 120 sec`, `group 0x00`, `txoff off`, `softdcd on`, `SLIP off`입니다.
HDLC, interrupt, buffer 통계가 뜻하는 값입니다.
overrun은 비정상입니다. 많이 발생한다면 baudrate와 interface 수의 곱이 컴퓨터 처리 능력에 비해 너무 큽니다.
`NoSpace` 오류는 드라이버나 커널 AX.25 때문에 생겼을 가능성이 낮습니다.
3. Adjustment and Display of parameters
=======================================
3.1 Displaying SCC Parameters:
==============================
Once a SCC channel has been attached, the parameter settings and
some statistic information can be shown using the param program::
dl1bke-u:~$ sccstat scc0
Parameters:
speed : 1200 baud
txdelay : 36
persist : 255
slottime : 0
txtail : 8
fulldup : 1
waittime : 12
mintime : 3 sec
maxkeyup : 7 sec
idletime : 3 sec
maxdefer : 120 sec
group : 0x00
txoff : off
softdcd : on
SLIP : off
Status:
HDLC Z8530 Interrupts Buffers
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sent : 273 RxOver : 0 RxInts : 125074 Size : 384
Received : 1095 TxUnder: 0 TxInts : 4684 NoSpace : 0
RxErrors : 1591 ExInts : 11776
TxErrors : 0 SpInts : 1503
Tx State : idle
The status info shown is:
============== ==============================================================
Sent number of frames transmitted
Received number of frames received
RxErrors number of receive errors (CRC, ABORT)
TxErrors number of discarded Tx frames (due to various reasons)
Tx State status of the Tx interrupt handler: idle/busy/active/tail (2)
RxOver number of receiver overruns
TxUnder number of transmitter underruns
RxInts number of receiver interrupts
TxInts number of transmitter interrupts
EpInts number of receiver special condition interrupts
SpInts number of external/status interrupts
Size maximum size of an AX.25 frame (*with* AX.25 headers!)
NoSpace number of times a buffer could not get allocated
============== ==============================================================
An overrun is abnormal. If lots of these occur, the product of
baudrate and number of interfaces is too high for the processing
power of your computer. NoSpace errors are unlikely to be caused by the
driver or the kernel AX.25.
KISS TNC parameter 설정
429-6243.2 parameter 설정
SCC 드라이버에서 emulated KISS TNC parameter도 같은 방식으로 설정합니다. ax25-utils의 `kissparms` 또는 `sccparam`을 사용할 수 있습니다.
sccparam <device> <paramname> <decimal-|hexadecimal value>
변경 가능한 parameter와 원문의 예시 값은 `speed 1200`, `txdelay 36`, `persist 255`, `slottime 0`, `txtail 8`, `fulldup 1`, `waittime 12`, `mintime 3`, `maxkeyup 7`, `idletime 3`, `maxdefer 120`, `group 0x00`, `txoff off`, `softdcd on`, `SLIP off`입니다.
`speed`는 이 channel의 초당 bit 단위 baudrate입니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc3 speed 9600`.
`txdelay`는 transmitter를 keying한 뒤 첫 byte를 보낼 때까지의 지연이며 단위는 10 ms입니다. TNC에서는 보통 `TXDELAY`라고 부릅니다.
`txdelay`에 0을 지정하면 CTS signal이 assert될 때까지 기다립니다. MODEM이나 transmitter에 timer 또는 다른 회로가 있어 송신 준비가 되면 CTS를 assert한다고 가정합니다. 일반 값은 30~36입니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc0 txd 20`.
`persist`는 channel이 비어 있을 때 transmitter를 keying할 확률입니다. 값은 0~255이고 확률은 `(value+1)/256`입니다. 보통 50~60 부근이 적절하며 channel 사용량이 많을수록 낮춰야 합니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc2 persist 20`.
`slottime`은 channel을 sampling하는 간격이며 단위는 10 ms입니다. 200~300 ms, 즉 값 20~30 정도가 적당합니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc0 slot 20`.
`tail`은 packet의 마지막 byte를 SCC로 넘긴 뒤에도 transmitter keying을 유지하는 시간입니다. transmitter를 내리기 전에 CRC와 flag가 SCC를 빠져나가야 하기 때문에 필요합니다.
`tail` 값은 baudrate에 따라 달라지며 몇 character 시간이면 충분합니다. 예를 들어 1200 baud에서는 40 ms, 즉 값 4입니다. 단위는 10 ms입니다. 원문의 예제 `sccparam /dev/scc2 4`에는 parameter 이름이 빠져 있으나 그대로 보존합니다.
`full` parameter 값에 따른 channel access와 keying 동작입니다.
`full`은 full-duplex mode switch입니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc0 fulldup off`.
`wait`는 frame이 송신 queue에 들어간 뒤 첫 송신 시도 전까지 기다리는 초기 시간이며 CSMA mode의 첫 slot 길이입니다. full-duplex mode에서는 최대 성능을 위해 0으로 설정합니다. 단위는 10 ms입니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc1 wait 4`.
`maxkey`는 packet 송신을 위해 transmitter를 keying할 수 있는 최대 시간이며 단위는 초입니다. busy CSMA channel에서 많은 traffic을 만들 때 독점 송신을 피하는 데 유용합니다.
`maxkey` 시간이 지나면 새 frame을 시작하지 않고 transmitter를 `min`에 지정된 시간 동안 끈 뒤 선택한 keyup algorithm을 다시 시작합니다. 0 또는 `off`는 이 기능을 꺼서 송신 시간을 무제한으로 허용합니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc0 maxk 20`.
`min`은 최대 송신 시간을 넘었을 때 transmitter를 꺼 두는 시간입니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc3 min 10`.
`idle`은 full-duplex mode 2에서 허용할 최대 idle 시간이며 단위는 초입니다. 이 시간 동안 frame을 보내지 않으면 transmitter keying을 해제합니다.
`idle` 값 0은 full-duplex mode 1과 같은 결과를 냅니다. parameter를 비활성화할 수도 있습니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc2 idle off`는 계속 송신합니다.
`maxdefer`는 송신할 free channel을 기다리는 최대 시간이며 단위는 초입니다. timer가 만료되면 transmitter를 즉시 keying합니다. 다른 사용자와 충돌하지 않으려면 지나치게 낮게 설정하지 마십시오.
원문의 예제 `sccparam /dev/scc0 maxdefer 240`에는 주석으로 2분이라고 적혀 있지만 240초는 4분입니다. 명령과 주석은 원문 그대로 아래 영어 원문에 보존됩니다.
`txoff`가 0이면 packet 송신을 허용하고, 그 밖의 값이면 송신을 비활성화합니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc2 txoff on`.
`group`은 같은 band의 여러 주파수에 여러 receiver와 전환 가능한 transmitter 하나를 쓰거나, 같은 band에서 여러 radio를 운용할 때 interface 사이의 transmitter를 잠그는 기능입니다.
`param <interface> group <x>` 명령으로 설정하며 `full = 0`인 CSMA mode에서만 동작합니다. group 제한이 필요 없으면 `<x>`는 0입니다. 제한 group 값은 다음 8진수 flag의 합으로 계산합니다.
송신기 상호 배제와 carrier 조건을 조합합니다.
interface 두 개가 group `201`을 쓰면 두 transmitter는 동시에 keying되지 않습니다. group `101`이면 두 channel이 동시에 비어 있을 때만 transmitter가 keying됩니다. group `301`이면 transmitter가 동시에 keying되지 않습니다.
parameter를 설정하기 전에 8진수를 10진수로 변환해야 합니다. 원문의 group 예제는 아직 작성되지 않은 상태로 남아 있습니다.
`softdcd`는 실제 hardware DCD 대신 software DCD를 사용합니다. squelch가 매우 느릴 때 유용합니다. 예: `sccparam /dev/scc0 soft on`.
3.2 Setting Parameters
======================
The setting of parameters of the emulated KISS TNC is done in the
same way in the SCC driver. You can change parameters by using
the kissparms program from the ax25-utils package or use the program
"sccparam"::
sccparam <device> <paramname> <decimal-|hexadecimal value>
You can change the following parameters:
=========== =====
param value
=========== =====
speed 1200
txdelay 36
persist 255
slottime 0
txtail 8
fulldup 1
waittime 12
mintime 3
maxkeyup 7
idletime 3
maxdefer 120
group 0x00
txoff off
softdcd on
SLIP off
=========== =====
The parameters have the following meaning:
speed:
The baudrate on this channel in bits/sec
Example: sccparam /dev/scc3 speed 9600
txdelay:
The delay (in units of 10 ms) after keying of the
transmitter, until the first byte is sent. This is usually
called "TXDELAY" in a TNC. When 0 is specified, the driver
will just wait until the CTS signal is asserted. This
assumes the presence of a timer or other circuitry in the
MODEM and/or transmitter, that asserts CTS when the
transmitter is ready for data.
A normal value of this parameter is 30-36.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 txd 20
persist:
This is the probability that the transmitter will be keyed
when the channel is found to be free. It is a value from 0
to 255, and the probability is (value+1)/256. The value
should be somewhere near 50-60, and should be lowered when
the channel is used more heavily.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc2 persist 20
slottime:
This is the time between samples of the channel. It is
expressed in units of 10 ms. About 200-300 ms (value 20-30)
seems to be a good value.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 slot 20
tail:
The time the transmitter will remain keyed after the last
byte of a packet has been transferred to the SCC. This is
necessary because the CRC and a flag still have to leave the
SCC before the transmitter is keyed down. The value depends
on the baudrate selected. A few character times should be
sufficient, e.g. 40ms at 1200 baud. (value 4)
The value of this parameter is in 10 ms units.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc2 4
full:
The full-duplex mode switch. This can be one of the following
values:
0: The interface will operate in CSMA mode (the normal
half-duplex packet radio operation)
1: Fullduplex mode, i.e. the transmitter will be keyed at
any time, without checking the received carrier. It
will be unkeyed when there are no packets to be sent.
2: Like 1, but the transmitter will remain keyed, also
when there are no packets to be sent. Flags will be
sent in that case, until a timeout (parameter 10)
occurs.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 fulldup off
wait:
The initial waittime before any transmit attempt, after the
frame has been queue for transmit. This is the length of
the first slot in CSMA mode. In full duplex modes it is
set to 0 for maximum performance.
The value of this parameter is in 10 ms units.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc1 wait 4
maxkey:
The maximal time the transmitter will be keyed to send
packets, in seconds. This can be useful on busy CSMA
channels, to avoid "getting a bad reputation" when you are
generating a lot of traffic. After the specified time has
elapsed, no new frame will be started. Instead, the trans-
mitter will be switched off for a specified time (parameter
min), and then the selected algorithm for keyup will be
started again.
The value 0 as well as "off" will disable this feature,
and allow infinite transmission time.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 maxk 20
min:
This is the time the transmitter will be switched off when
the maximum transmission time is exceeded.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc3 min 10
idle:
This parameter specifies the maximum idle time in full duplex
2 mode, in seconds. When no frames have been sent for this
time, the transmitter will be keyed down. A value of 0 is
has same result as the fullduplex mode 1. This parameter
can be disabled.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc2 idle off # transmit forever
maxdefer
This is the maximum time (in seconds) to wait for a free channel
to send. When this timer expires the transmitter will be keyed
IMMEDIATELY. If you love to get trouble with other users you
should set this to a very low value ;-)
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 maxdefer 240 # 2 minutes
txoff:
When this parameter has the value 0, the transmission of packets
is enable. Otherwise it is disabled.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc2 txoff on
group:
It is possible to build special radio equipment to use more than
one frequency on the same band, e.g. using several receivers and
only one transmitter that can be switched between frequencies.
Also, you can connect several radios that are active on the same
band. In these cases, it is not possible, or not a good idea, to
transmit on more than one frequency. The SCC driver provides a
method to lock transmitters on different interfaces, using the
"param <interface> group <x>" command. This will only work when
you are using CSMA mode (parameter full = 0).
The number <x> must be 0 if you want no group restrictions, and
can be computed as follows to create restricted groups:
<x> is the sum of some OCTAL numbers:
=== =======================================================
200 This transmitter will only be keyed when all other
transmitters in the group are off.
100 This transmitter will only be keyed when the carrier
detect of all other interfaces in the group is off.
0xx A byte that can be used to define different groups.
Interfaces are in the same group, when the logical AND
between their xx values is nonzero.
=== =======================================================
Examples:
When 2 interfaces use group 201, their transmitters will never be
keyed at the same time.
When 2 interfaces use group 101, the transmitters will only key
when both channels are clear at the same time. When group 301,
the transmitters will not be keyed at the same time.
Don't forget to convert the octal numbers into decimal before
you set the parameter.
Example: (to be written)
softdcd:
use a software dcd instead of the real one... Useful for a very
slow squelch.
Example: sccparam /dev/scc0 soft on
알려진 문제와 지원 정보
625-6864. 문제
BayCom USCC card에서 TX 문제가 있다면 8530 제조사를 확인하십시오. SGS chip은 timing이 조금 다르므로 Zilog chip을 시도해 볼 수 있습니다.
data port 대신 register 8에 쓰는 해결책도 있지만 ESCC chip에서는 동작하지 않습니다.
interrupt와 clock source가 올바른데도 PTT가 `maxkeyup` timer 만료 때까지 잠기는 문제가 매우 흔합니다. 대부분은 `make config`에서 설정하는 `CONFIG_SCC_DELAY`로 드라이버를 빌드하면 해결됩니다.
추가 단서는 pseudo FAQ와 z8530drv-utils에 포함된 설명서를 참조하십시오.
일부 386 기반 시스템, 예를 들어 Amstrad에서 문제가 있다는 보고가 있었습니다. 잘못된 AT bus timing 때문에 interrupt 응답이 늦어집니다.
의심되는 port에서 `Sccstat` 출력을 확인해 underrun과 overrun이 함께 나타나면 이런 시스템일 가능성이 큽니다.
수신 데이터 처리가 늦어지는 정도는 다음 조건에 좌우됩니다.
- 커널 버전
- kernel profiling을 빌드했는지 여부
- 높은 interrupt load
- 시스템의 높은 부하
- `rxecho` 또는 `kissbridge` 정보 사용
원문은 X, Xmorph, XV, Povray를 실행하면서 커널까지 빌드하는 32 MB RAM 시스템이나, 8 MB 시스템에서 `.ampr.org` 전체를 위한 `named`를 실행하는 사례를 높은 부하의 예로 듭니다.
kernel panic이 발생했다면 `/linux/README`를 읽고 실제로 SCC 드라이버 안에서 발생했는지 확인하십시오.
문제를 해결할 수 없다면 다음 정보를 작성자에게 보내십시오.
- 문제 설명
- computer system, SCC board, modem을 포함한 hardware 정보
- 커널 버전
- `cat /proc/net/z8530` 출력
증상별로 timing, build option, 처리 부하를 확인합니다.
4. Thor RLC100
이 board는 알 수 없는 이유로 드라이버와 동작하지 않는 것으로 보입니다. 원문은 성공적으로 동작시킨 사용자가 있는지 묻습니다.
드라이버를 Linux 표준 배포판에 포함하고 지원해 준 Linus Torvalds와 Alan Cox에게 감사를 전합니다.
Joerg Reuter 연락처: ampr-net `dl1bke@db0pra.ampr.org`, AX.25 `DL1BKE @ DB0ABH.#BAY.DEU.EU`, Internet `jreuter@yaina.de`, WWW `http://yaina.de/jreuter`.
4. Problems
===========
If you have tx-problems with your BayCom USCC card please check
the manufacturer of the 8530. SGS chips have a slightly
different timing. Try Zilog... A solution is to write to register 8
instead to the data port, but this won't work with the ESCC chips.
*SIGH!*
A very common problem is that the PTT locks until the maxkeyup timer
expires, although interrupts and clock source are correct. In most
cases compiling the driver with CONFIG_SCC_DELAY (set with
make config) solves the problems. For more hints read the (pseudo) FAQ
and the documentation coming with z8530drv-utils.
I got reports that the driver has problems on some 386-based systems.
(i.e. Amstrad) Those systems have a bogus AT bus timing which will
lead to delayed answers on interrupts. You can recognize these
problems by looking at the output of Sccstat for the suspected
port. If it shows under- and overruns you own such a system.
Delayed processing of received data: This depends on
- the kernel version
- kernel profiling compiled or not
- a high interrupt load
- a high load of the machine --- running X, Xmorph, XV and Povray,
while compiling the kernel... hmm ... even with 32 MB RAM ... ;-)
Or running a named for the whole .ampr.org domain on an 8 MB
box...
- using information from rxecho or kissbridge.
Kernel panics: please read /linux/README and find out if it
really occurred within the scc driver.
If you cannot solve a problem, send me
- a description of the problem,
- information on your hardware (computer system, scc board, modem)
- your kernel version
- the output of cat /proc/net/z8530
4. Thor RLC100
==============
Mysteriously this board seems not to work with the driver. Anyone
got it up-and-running?
Many thanks to Linus Torvalds and Alan Cox for including the driver
in the Linux standard distribution and their support.
::
Joerg Reuter ampr-net: dl1bke@db0pra.ampr.org
AX-25 : DL1BKE @ DB0ABH.#BAY.DEU.EU
Internet: jreuter@yaina.de
WWW : http://yaina.de/jreuter
요약·해설
z8530drv.rst:1-686Z8530 드라이버는 SCC hardware를 커널 AX.25 network interface로 노출합니다. 정확한 port·IRQ·clock 설정, boot당 한 번뿐인 board 초기화, KISS channel access parameter 조정이 핵심이며, 오래된 hardware에서는 bus timing과 interrupt 처리 능력도 확인해야 합니다.
설정 파일부터 장애 진단까지 필요한 도구입니다.
초기화 이후 통계를 바탕으로 parameter와 hardware를 조정합니다.