요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.
1. 요약·해설
원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.
2. 영어 원문 전체
번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.
원문 전체 펼치기
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
=============================================================
Linux Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/100 Family of Adapters
=============================================================
June 1, 2018
Contents
========
- In This Release
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Building and Installation
- Driver Configuration Parameters
- Additional Configurations
- Known Issues
- Support
In This Release
===============
This file describes the Linux Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/100 Family of
Adapters. This driver includes support for Itanium(R)2-based systems.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel PRO/100 adapter.
The following features are now available in supported kernels:
- Native VLANs
- Channel Bonding (teaming)
- SNMP
Channel Bonding documentation can be found in the Linux kernel source:
/Documentation/networking/bonding.rst
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
https://www.intel.com/support
Driver Configuration Parameters
===============================
The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
unless otherwise noted.
Rx Descriptors:
Number of receive descriptors. A receive descriptor is a data
structure that describes a receive buffer and its attributes to the network
controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to write
data from the controller to host memory. In the 3.x.x driver the valid range
for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 256. This parameter can be
changed using the command::
ethtool -G eth? rx n
Where n is the number of desired Rx descriptors.
Tx Descriptors:
Number of transmit descriptors. A transmit descriptor is a data
structure that describes a transmit buffer and its attributes to the network
controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to read
data from the host memory to the controller. In the 3.x.x driver the valid
range for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 128. This parameter
can be changed using the command::
ethtool -G eth? tx n
Where n is the number of desired Tx descriptors.
Speed/Duplex:
The driver auto-negotiates the link speed and duplex settings by
default. The ethtool utility can be used as follows to force speed/duplex.::
ethtool -s eth? autoneg off speed {10|100} duplex {full|half}
NOTE: setting the speed/duplex to incorrect values will cause the link to
fail.
Event Log Message Level:
The driver uses the message level flag to log events
to syslog. The message level can be set at driver load time. It can also be
set using the command::
ethtool -s eth? msglvl n
Additional Configurations
=========================
Configuring the Driver on Different Distributions
-------------------------------------------------
Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started
is distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves
adding an alias line to `/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf` as well as editing other
system startup scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux
distributions ship with tools to make these changes for you. To learn
the proper way to configure a network device for your system, refer to
your distribution documentation. If during this process you are asked
for the driver or module name, the name for the Linux Base Driver for
the Intel PRO/100 Family of Adapters is e100.
As an example, if you install the e100 driver for two PRO/100 adapters
(eth0 and eth1), add the following to a configuration file in
/etc/modprobe.d/::
alias eth0 e100
alias eth1 e100
Viewing Link Messages
---------------------
In order to see link messages and other Intel driver information on your
console, you must set the dmesg level up to six. This can be done by
entering the following on the command line before loading the e100
driver::
dmesg -n 6
If you wish to see all messages issued by the driver, including debug
messages, set the dmesg level to eight.
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The ethtool
version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
The latest release of ethtool can be found from
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Enabling Wake on LAN (WoL)
--------------------------
WoL is provided through the ethtool utility. For instructions on
enabling WoL with ethtool, refer to the ethtool man page. WoL will be
enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot. For this
driver version, in order to enable WoL, the e100 driver must be loaded
when shutting down or rebooting the system.
NAPI
----
NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the e100 driver.
See :ref:`Documentation/networking/napi.rst <napi>` for more information.
Multiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
------------------------------------------------------
Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have one
system on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain
(non-partitioned switch) behave as expected. All Ethernet interfaces
will respond to IP traffic for any IP address assigned to the system.
This results in unbalanced receive traffic.
If you have multiple interfaces in a server, either turn on ARP
filtering by
(1) entering::
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
(this only works if your kernel's version is higher than 2.4.5), or
(2) installing the interfaces in separate broadcast domains (either
in different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs).
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to intel-wired-lan@lists.osuosl.org.
3. 한국어 전문 번역
영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.
문서 범위와 지원 기능
1-38이 문서는 `GPL-2.0+` 라이선스를 따릅니다.
Intel(R) PRO/100 adapter 제품군용 Linux Base Driver
2018년 6월 1일
목차
- 이번 release
- adapter 식별
- build와 설치
- driver configuration parameter
- 추가 configuration
- 알려진 문제
- 지원
이번 release
이 문서는 Intel(R) PRO/100 adapter 제품군용 Linux Base Driver를 설명합니다. 이 드라이버는 Itanium(R)2 기반 system도 지원합니다.
hardware requirement에 관한 질문은 Intel PRO/100 adapter와 함께 제공된 문서를 참고하십시오.
지원되는 kernel에서 다음 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다.
- Native VLAN
- Channel Bonding(teaming)
- SNMP
Channel Bonding 문서는 Linux kernel source의 `/Documentation/networking/bonding.rst`에 있습니다.
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
=============================================================
Linux Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/100 Family of Adapters
=============================================================
June 1, 2018
Contents
========
- In This Release
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Building and Installation
- Driver Configuration Parameters
- Additional Configurations
- Known Issues
- Support
In This Release
===============
This file describes the Linux Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/100 Family of
Adapters. This driver includes support for Itanium(R)2-based systems.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel PRO/100 adapter.
The following features are now available in supported kernels:
- Native VLANs
- Channel Bonding (teaming)
- SNMP
Channel Bonding documentation can be found in the Linux kernel source:
/Documentation/networking/bonding.rst
Adapter 식별
39-45Adapter 식별
adapter를 식별하는 방법과 최신 Intel network driver 정보는 Intel Support website `https://www.intel.com/support`를 참고하십시오.
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
https://www.intel.com/support
Driver configuration parameter
46-92Driver configuration parameter
별도 설명이 없으면 각 parameter의 default value가 일반적으로 권장 설정입니다.
Rx descriptor
receive descriptor 수입니다. receive descriptor는 receive buffer와 그 attribute를 network controller에 설명하는 data structure입니다. controller는 descriptor의 data를 사용해 controller의 data를 host memory에 씁니다.
3.x.x driver에서 유효 범위는 `64-256`, default는 `256`입니다. 다음 command로 변경합니다.
ethtool -G eth? rx n여기서 `n`은 원하는 Rx descriptor 수입니다.
Tx descriptor
transmit descriptor 수입니다. transmit descriptor는 transmit buffer와 그 attribute를 network controller에 설명하는 data structure입니다. controller는 descriptor의 data를 사용해 host memory의 data를 controller로 읽습니다.
3.x.x driver에서 유효 범위는 `64-256`, default는 `128`입니다. 다음 command로 변경합니다.
ethtool -G eth? tx n여기서 `n`은 원하는 Tx descriptor 수입니다.
Speed/Duplex
기본적으로 드라이버가 link speed와 duplex 설정을 auto-negotiation합니다. speed와 duplex를 강제하려면 다음과 같이 ethtool을 사용합니다.
ethtool -s eth? autoneg off speed {10|100} duplex {full|half}주의: speed 또는 duplex를 잘못된 값으로 설정하면 link가 실패합니다.
Event log message level
드라이버는 message level flag를 사용해 event를 syslog에 기록합니다. message level은 driver load 시 설정하거나 다음 command로 설정할 수 있습니다.
ethtool -s eth? msglvl nDriver Configuration Parameters
===============================
The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
unless otherwise noted.
Rx Descriptors:
Number of receive descriptors. A receive descriptor is a data
structure that describes a receive buffer and its attributes to the network
controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to write
data from the controller to host memory. In the 3.x.x driver the valid range
for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 256. This parameter can be
changed using the command::
ethtool -G eth? rx n
Where n is the number of desired Rx descriptors.
Tx Descriptors:
Number of transmit descriptors. A transmit descriptor is a data
structure that describes a transmit buffer and its attributes to the network
controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to read
data from the host memory to the controller. In the 3.x.x driver the valid
range for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 128. This parameter
can be changed using the command::
ethtool -G eth? tx n
Where n is the number of desired Tx descriptors.
Speed/Duplex:
The driver auto-negotiates the link speed and duplex settings by
default. The ethtool utility can be used as follows to force speed/duplex.::
ethtool -s eth? autoneg off speed {10|100} duplex {full|half}
NOTE: setting the speed/duplex to incorrect values will cause the link to
fail.
Event Log Message Level:
The driver uses the message level flag to log events
to syslog. The message level can be set at driver load time. It can also be
set using the command::
ethtool -s eth? msglvl n
Distribution별 driver 구성
93-115추가 configuration
서로 다른 distribution에서 driver 구성
system 시작 시 network driver가 올바르게 load되도록 구성하는 방법은 distribution마다 다릅니다. 일반적으로 `/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf`에 alias line을 추가하고 다른 system startup script 또는 configuration file을 편집합니다.
많이 사용되는 Linux distribution은 이런 변경을 수행하는 tool을 제공합니다. system에서 network device를 올바르게 구성하는 방법은 해당 distribution 문서를 참고하십시오.
이 과정에서 driver 또는 module name을 요구하면 Intel PRO/100 제품군용 Linux Base Driver의 이름은 `e100`입니다.
예를 들어 두 PRO/100 adapter(`eth0`, `eth1`)에 e100 driver를 설치하면 `/etc/modprobe.d/` 아래 configuration file에 다음을 추가합니다.
alias eth0 e100
alias eth1 e100Additional Configurations
=========================
Configuring the Driver on Different Distributions
-------------------------------------------------
Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started
is distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves
adding an alias line to `/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf` as well as editing other
system startup scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux
distributions ship with tools to make these changes for you. To learn
the proper way to configure a network device for your system, refer to
your distribution documentation. If during this process you are asked
for the driver or module name, the name for the Linux Base Driver for
the Intel PRO/100 Family of Adapters is e100.
As an example, if you install the e100 driver for two PRO/100 adapters
(eth0 and eth1), add the following to a configuration file in
/etc/modprobe.d/::
alias eth0 e100
alias eth1 e100
Link message와 ethtool
116-140Link message 보기
console에서 link message와 그 밖의 Intel driver 정보를 보려면 dmesg level을 6으로 올려야 합니다. e100 driver를 load하기 전에 다음 command를 실행합니다.
dmesg -n 6debug message를 포함해 driver가 내보내는 모든 message를 보려면 dmesg level을 8로 설정합니다.
주의: 이 설정은 reboot 후 유지되지 않습니다.
ethtool
드라이버는 driver configuration과 diagnostics, 통계 정보 표시에 ethtool interface를 사용합니다. 이 기능에는 ethtool version 1.6 이상이 필요합니다.
최신 ethtool release는 `https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/`에서 찾을 수 있습니다.
Viewing Link Messages
---------------------
In order to see link messages and other Intel driver information on your
console, you must set the dmesg level up to six. This can be done by
entering the following on the command line before loading the e100
driver::
dmesg -n 6
If you wish to see all messages issued by the driver, including debug
messages, set the dmesg level to eight.
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The ethtool
version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
The latest release of ethtool can be found from
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Wake on LAN과 NAPI
141-155Wake on LAN(WoL) 활성화
WoL은 ethtool utility를 통해 제공합니다. ethtool로 WoL을 활성화하는 방법은 ethtool man page를 참고하십시오.
WoL은 다음 shutdown 또는 reboot 중에 system에서 활성화됩니다. 이 driver version에서 WoL을 활성화하려면 system을 종료하거나 reboot할 때 e100 driver가 load된 상태여야 합니다.
NAPI
e100 driver는 NAPI(Rx polling mode)를 지원합니다.
자세한 내용은 `Documentation/networking/napi.rst`의 `napi` 참조를 확인하십시오.
Enabling Wake on LAN (WoL)
--------------------------
WoL is provided through the ethtool utility. For instructions on
enabling WoL with ethtool, refer to the ethtool man page. WoL will be
enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot. For this
driver version, in order to enable WoL, the e100 driver must be loaded
when shutting down or rebooting the system.
NAPI
----
NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the e100 driver.
See :ref:`Documentation/networking/napi.rst <napi>` for more information.
같은 Ethernet broadcast network의 여러 interface
156-177같은 Ethernet broadcast network의 여러 interface
Linux의 기본 ARP 동작 때문에 같은 Ethernet broadcast domain, 즉 partition되지 않은 switch에서 하나의 system을 두 IP network에 연결하면 기대한 대로 동작하지 않습니다.
모든 Ethernet interface가 system에 할당된 어느 IP address로 향한 traffic에도 응답하므로 receive traffic이 불균형해집니다.
server에 interface가 여러 개라면 다음 방법 중 하나를 사용하십시오.
- 다음 command로 ARP filtering을 활성화합니다. 이 방법은 kernel version이 2.4.5보다 높을 때만 작동합니다.
- interface를 서로 다른 broadcast domain에 설치합니다. 서로 다른 switch를 사용하거나 VLAN으로 분할한 switch를 사용할 수 있습니다.
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filterMultiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
------------------------------------------------------
Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have one
system on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain
(non-partitioned switch) behave as expected. All Ethernet interfaces
will respond to IP traffic for any IP address assigned to the system.
This results in unbalanced receive traffic.
If you have multiple interfaces in a server, either turn on ARP
filtering by
(1) entering::
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
(this only works if your kernel's version is higher than 2.4.5), or
(2) installing the interfaces in separate broadcast domains (either
in different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs).
지원
178-185지원
일반 정보는 Intel support website `https://www.intel.com/support/`를 참고하십시오.
지원되는 adapter와 kernel에서 공개 source code의 문제가 확인되면 문제에 관한 구체적인 정보를 `intel-wired-lan@lists.osuosl.org`로 보내십시오.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to intel-wired-lan@lists.osuosl.org.
요약·해설
e100.rst:1-185e100 문서는 오래된 Intel PRO/100 adapter를 현대 Linux 관리 도구로 운용하는 방법을 정리합니다. 핵심은 ethtool로 queue descriptor와 link를 조정하고, distribution startup 설정과 logging level, WoL 조건, 동일 broadcast domain의 ARP 동작을 올바르게 구성하는 것입니다.
문서가 명시한 kernel 및 driver 기능입니다.
3.x.x driver에서 Rx와 Tx ring의 범위와 default입니다.
문서에서 ethtool이 담당하는 설정과 진단입니다.
distribution별 도구 또는 modprobe alias를 통해 module을 연결합니다.
dmesg level에 따라 확인할 수 있는 driver message 범위입니다.
설정은 다음 shutdown 또는 reboot에서 적용됩니다.
같은 broadcast domain에서 생기는 receive imbalance를 해결하는 두 경로입니다.