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1. 요약·해설
원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.
2. 영어 원문 전체
번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.
원문 전체 펼치기
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===================================
2
Command Line Options for Linux/m68k
3
===================================
5
Last Update: 2 May 1999
7
Linux/m68k version: 2.2.6
9
Author: Roman.Hodek@informatik.uni-erlangen.de (Roman Hodek)
11
Update: jds@kom.auc.dk (Jes Sorensen) and faq@linux-m68k.org (Chris Lawrence)
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0) Introduction
14
===============
16
Often I've been asked which command line options the Linux/m68k
17
kernel understands, or how the exact syntax for the ... option is, or
18
... about the option ... . I hope, this document supplies all the
19
answers...
21
Note that some options might be outdated, their descriptions being
22
incomplete or missing. Please update the information and send in the
23
patches.
26
1) Overview of the Kernel's Option Processing
27
=============================================
29
The kernel knows three kinds of options on its command line:
31
1) kernel options
32
2) environment settings
33
3) arguments for init
35
To which of these classes an argument belongs is determined as
36
follows: If the option is known to the kernel itself, i.e. if the name
37
(the part before the '=') or, in some cases, the whole argument string
38
is known to the kernel, it belongs to class 1. Otherwise, if the
39
argument contains an '=', it is of class 2, and the definition is put
40
into init's environment. All other arguments are passed to init as
41
command line options.
43
This document describes the valid kernel options for Linux/m68k in
44
the version mentioned at the start of this file. Later revisions may
45
add new such options, and some may be missing in older versions.
47
In general, the value (the part after the '=') of an option is a
48
list of values separated by commas. The interpretation of these values
49
is up to the driver that "owns" the option. This association of
50
options with drivers is also the reason that some are further
51
subdivided.
54
2) General Kernel Options
55
=========================
57
2.1) root=
58
----------
60
:Syntax: root=/dev/<device>
61
:or: root=<hex_number>
63
This tells the kernel which device it should mount as the root
64
filesystem. The device must be a block device with a valid filesystem
65
on it.
67
The first syntax gives the device by name. These names are converted
68
into a major/minor number internally in the kernel in an unusual way.
69
Normally, this "conversion" is done by the device files in /dev, but
70
this isn't possible here, because the root filesystem (with /dev)
71
isn't mounted yet... So the kernel parses the name itself, with some
72
hardcoded name to number mappings. The name must always be a
73
combination of two or three letters, followed by a decimal number.
74
Valid names are::
76
/dev/ram: -> 0x0100 (initial ramdisk)
77
/dev/hda: -> 0x0300 (first IDE disk)
78
/dev/hdb: -> 0x0340 (second IDE disk)
79
/dev/sda: -> 0x0800 (first SCSI disk)
80
/dev/sdb: -> 0x0810 (second SCSI disk)
81
/dev/sdc: -> 0x0820 (third SCSI disk)
82
/dev/sdd: -> 0x0830 (forth SCSI disk)
83
/dev/sde: -> 0x0840 (fifth SCSI disk)
84
/dev/fd : -> 0x0200 (floppy disk)
86
The name must be followed by a decimal number, that stands for the
87
partition number. Internally, the value of the number is just
88
added to the device number mentioned in the table above. The
89
exceptions are /dev/ram and /dev/fd, where /dev/ram refers to an
90
initial ramdisk loaded by your bootstrap program (please consult the
91
instructions for your bootstrap program to find out how to load an
92
initial ramdisk). As of kernel version 2.0.18 you must specify
93
/dev/ram as the root device if you want to boot from an initial
94
ramdisk. For the floppy devices, /dev/fd, the number stands for the
95
floppy drive number (there are no partitions on floppy disks). I.e.,
96
/dev/fd0 stands for the first drive, /dev/fd1 for the second, and so
97
on. Since the number is just added, you can also force the disk format
98
by adding a number greater than 3. If you look into your /dev
99
directory, use can see the /dev/fd0D720 has major 2 and minor 16. You
100
can specify this device for the root FS by writing "root=/dev/fd16" on
101
the kernel command line.
103
[Strange and maybe uninteresting stuff ON]
105
This unusual translation of device names has some strange
106
consequences: If, for example, you have a symbolic link from /dev/fd
107
to /dev/fd0D720 as an abbreviation for floppy driver #0 in DD format,
108
you cannot use this name for specifying the root device, because the
109
kernel cannot see this symlink before mounting the root FS and it
110
isn't in the table above. If you use it, the root device will not be
111
set at all, without an error message. Another example: You cannot use a
112
partition on e.g. the sixth SCSI disk as the root filesystem, if you
113
want to specify it by name. This is, because only the devices up to
114
/dev/sde are in the table above, but not /dev/sdf. Although, you can
115
use the sixth SCSI disk for the root FS, but you have to specify the
116
device by number... (see below). Or, even more strange, you can use the
117
fact that there is no range checking of the partition number, and your
118
knowledge that each disk uses 16 minors, and write "root=/dev/sde17"
119
(for /dev/sdf1).
121
[Strange and maybe uninteresting stuff OFF]
123
If the device containing your root partition isn't in the table
124
above, you can also specify it by major and minor numbers. These are
125
written in hex, with no prefix and no separator between. E.g., if you
126
have a CD with contents appropriate as a root filesystem in the first
127
SCSI CD-ROM drive, you boot from it by "root=0b00". Here, hex "0b" =
128
decimal 11 is the major of SCSI CD-ROMs, and the minor 0 stands for
129
the first of these. You can find out all valid major numbers by
130
looking into include/linux/major.h.
132
In addition to major and minor numbers, if the device containing your
133
root partition uses a partition table format with unique partition
134
identifiers, then you may use them. For instance,
135
"root=PARTUUID=00112233-4455-6677-8899-AABBCCDDEEFF". It is also
136
possible to reference another partition on the same device using a
137
known partition UUID as the starting point. For example,
138
if partition 5 of the device has the UUID of
139
00112233-4455-6677-8899-AABBCCDDEEFF then partition 3 may be found as
140
follows:
142
PARTUUID=00112233-4455-6677-8899-AABBCCDDEEFF/PARTNROFF=-2
144
Authoritative information can be found in
145
"Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst".
148
2.2) ro, rw
149
-----------
151
:Syntax: ro
152
:or: rw
154
These two options tell the kernel whether it should mount the root
155
filesystem read-only or read-write. The default is read-only, except
156
for ramdisks, which default to read-write.
159
2.3) debug
160
----------
162
:Syntax: debug
164
This raises the kernel log level to 10 (the default is 7). This is the
165
same level as set by the "dmesg" command, just that the maximum level
166
selectable by dmesg is 8.
169
2.4) debug=
170
-----------
172
:Syntax: debug=<device>
174
This option causes certain kernel messages be printed to the selected
175
debugging device. This can aid debugging the kernel, since the
176
messages can be captured and analyzed on some other machine. Which
177
devices are possible depends on the machine type. There are no checks
178
for the validity of the device name. If the device isn't implemented,
179
nothing happens.
181
Messages logged this way are in general stack dumps after kernel
182
memory faults or bad kernel traps, and kernel panics. To be exact: all
183
messages of level 0 (panic messages) and all messages printed while
184
the log level is 8 or more (their level doesn't matter). Before stack
185
dumps, the kernel sets the log level to 10 automatically. A level of
186
at least 8 can also be set by the "debug" command line option (see
187
2.3) and at run time with "dmesg -n 8".
189
Devices possible for Amiga:
191
- "ser":
192
built-in serial port; parameters: 9600bps, 8N1
193
- "mem":
194
Save the messages to a reserved area in chip mem. After
195
rebooting, they can be read under AmigaOS with the tool
196
'dmesg'.
198
Devices possible for Atari:
200
- "ser1":
201
ST-MFP serial port ("Modem1"); parameters: 9600bps, 8N1
202
- "ser2":
203
SCC channel B serial port ("Modem2"); parameters: 9600bps, 8N1
204
- "ser" :
205
default serial port
206
This is "ser2" for a Falcon, and "ser1" for any other machine
207
- "midi":
208
The MIDI port; parameters: 31250bps, 8N1
209
- "par" :
210
parallel port
212
The printing routine for this implements a timeout for the
213
case there's no printer connected (else the kernel would
214
lock up). The timeout is not exact, but usually a few
215
seconds.
218
2.6) ramdisk_size=
219
------------------
221
:Syntax: ramdisk_size=<size>
223
This option instructs the kernel to set up a ramdisk of the given
224
size in KBytes. Do not use this option if the ramdisk contents are
225
passed by bootstrap! In this case, the size is selected automatically
226
and should not be overwritten.
228
The only application is for root filesystems on floppy disks, that
229
should be loaded into memory. To do that, select the corresponding
230
size of the disk as ramdisk size, and set the root device to the disk
231
drive (with "root=").
234
2.7) swap=
236
I can't find any sign of this option in 2.2.6.
238
2.8) buff=
239
-----------
241
I can't find any sign of this option in 2.2.6.
244
3) General Device Options (Amiga and Atari)
245
===========================================
247
3.1) ether=
248
-----------
250
:Syntax: ether=[<irq>[,<base_addr>[,<mem_start>[,<mem_end>]]]],<dev-name>
252
<dev-name> is the name of a net driver, as specified in
253
drivers/net/Space.c in the Linux source. Most prominent are eth0, ...
254
eth3, sl0, ... sl3, ppp0, ..., ppp3, dummy, and lo.
256
The non-ethernet drivers (sl, ppp, dummy, lo) obviously ignore the
257
settings by this options. Also, the existing ethernet drivers for
258
Linux/m68k (ariadne, a2065, hydra) don't use them because Zorro boards
259
are really Plug-'n-Play, so the "ether=" option is useless altogether
260
for Linux/m68k.
263
3.2) hd=
264
--------
266
:Syntax: hd=<cylinders>,<heads>,<sectors>
268
This option sets the disk geometry of an IDE disk. The first hd=
269
option is for the first IDE disk, the second for the second one.
270
(I.e., you can give this option twice.) In most cases, you won't have
271
to use this option, since the kernel can obtain the geometry data
272
itself. It exists just for the case that this fails for one of your
273
disks.
276
3.3) max_scsi_luns=
277
-------------------
279
:Syntax: max_scsi_luns=<n>
281
Sets the maximum number of LUNs (logical units) of SCSI devices to
282
be scanned. Valid values for <n> are between 1 and 8. Default is 8 if
283
"Probe all LUNs on each SCSI device" was selected during the kernel
284
configuration, else 1.
287
3.4) st=
288
--------
290
:Syntax: st=<buffer_size>,[<write_thres>,[<max_buffers>]]
292
Sets several parameters of the SCSI tape driver. <buffer_size> is
293
the number of 512-byte buffers reserved for tape operations for each
294
device. <write_thres> sets the number of blocks which must be filled
295
to start an actual write operation to the tape. Maximum value is the
296
total number of buffers. <max_buffer> limits the total number of
297
buffers allocated for all tape devices.
300
3.5) dmasound=
301
--------------
303
:Syntax: dmasound=[<buffers>,<buffer-size>[,<catch-radius>]]
305
This option controls some configurations of the Linux/m68k DMA sound
306
driver (Amiga and Atari): <buffers> is the number of buffers you want
307
to use (minimum 4, default 4), <buffer-size> is the size of each
308
buffer in kilobytes (minimum 4, default 32) and <catch-radius> says
309
how much percent of error will be tolerated when setting a frequency
310
(maximum 10, default 0). For example with 3% you can play 8000Hz
311
AU-Files on the Falcon with its hardware frequency of 8195Hz and thus
312
don't need to expand the sound.
316
4) Options for Atari Only
317
=========================
319
4.1) video=
320
-----------
322
:Syntax: video=<fbname>:<sub-options...>
324
The <fbname> parameter specifies the name of the frame buffer,
325
eg. most atari users will want to specify `atafb` here. The
326
<sub-options> is a comma-separated list of the sub-options listed
327
below.
329
NB:
330
Please notice that this option was renamed from `atavideo` to
331
`video` during the development of the 1.3.x kernels, thus you
332
might need to update your boot-scripts if upgrading to 2.x from
333
an 1.2.x kernel.
335
NBB:
336
The behavior of video= was changed in 2.1.57 so the recommended
337
option is to specify the name of the frame buffer.
339
4.1.1) Video Mode
340
-----------------
342
This sub-option may be any of the predefined video modes, as listed
343
in atari/atafb.c in the Linux/m68k source tree. The kernel will
344
activate the given video mode at boot time and make it the default
345
mode, if the hardware allows. Currently defined names are:
347
- stlow : 320x200x4
348
- stmid, default5 : 640x200x2
349
- sthigh, default4: 640x400x1
350
- ttlow : 320x480x8, TT only
351
- ttmid, default1 : 640x480x4, TT only
352
- tthigh, default2: 1280x960x1, TT only
353
- vga2 : 640x480x1, Falcon only
354
- vga4 : 640x480x2, Falcon only
355
- vga16, default3 : 640x480x4, Falcon only
356
- vga256 : 640x480x8, Falcon only
357
- falh2 : 896x608x1, Falcon only
358
- falh16 : 896x608x4, Falcon only
360
If no video mode is given on the command line, the kernel tries the
361
modes names "default<n>" in turn, until one is possible with the
362
hardware in use.
364
A video mode setting doesn't make sense, if the external driver is
365
activated by a "external:" sub-option.
367
4.1.2) inverse
368
--------------
370
Invert the display. This affects only text consoles.
371
Usually, the background is chosen to be black. With this
372
option, you can make the background white.
374
4.1.3) font
375
-----------
377
:Syntax: font:<fontname>
379
Specify the font to use in text modes. Currently you can choose only
380
between `VGA8x8`, `VGA8x16` and `PEARL8x8`. `VGA8x8` is default, if the
381
vertical size of the display is less than 400 pixel rows. Otherwise, the
382
`VGA8x16` font is the default.
384
4.1.4) `hwscroll_`
385
------------------
387
:Syntax: `hwscroll_<n>`
389
The number of additional lines of video memory to reserve for
390
speeding up the scrolling ("hardware scrolling"). Hardware scrolling
391
is possible only if the kernel can set the video base address in steps
392
fine enough. This is true for STE, MegaSTE, TT, and Falcon. It is not
393
possible with plain STs and graphics cards (The former because the
394
base address must be on a 256 byte boundary there, the latter because
395
the kernel doesn't know how to set the base address at all.)
397
By default, <n> is set to the number of visible text lines on the
398
display. Thus, the amount of video memory is doubled, compared to no
399
hardware scrolling. You can turn off the hardware scrolling altogether
400
by setting <n> to 0.
402
4.1.5) internal:
403
----------------
405
:Syntax: internal:<xres>;<yres>[;<xres_max>;<yres_max>;<offset>]
407
This option specifies the capabilities of some extended internal video
408
hardware, like e.g. OverScan. <xres> and <yres> give the (extended)
409
dimensions of the screen.
411
If your OverScan needs a black border, you have to write the last
412
three arguments of the "internal:". <xres_max> is the maximum line
413
length the hardware allows, <yres_max> the maximum number of lines.
414
<offset> is the offset of the visible part of the screen memory to its
415
physical start, in bytes.
417
Often, extended interval video hardware has to be activated somehow.
418
For this, see the "sw_*" options below.
420
4.1.6) external:
421
----------------
423
:Syntax:
424
external:<xres>;<yres>;<depth>;<org>;<scrmem>[;<scrlen>[;<vgabase>
425
[;<colw>[;<coltype>[;<xres_virtual>]]]]]
427
.. I had to break this line...
429
This is probably the most complicated parameter... It specifies that
430
you have some external video hardware (a graphics board), and how to
431
use it under Linux/m68k. The kernel cannot know more about the hardware
432
than you tell it here! The kernel also is unable to set or change any
433
video modes, since it doesn't know about any board internal. So, you
434
have to switch to that video mode before you start Linux, and cannot
435
switch to another mode once Linux has started.
437
The first 3 parameters of this sub-option should be obvious: <xres>,
438
<yres> and <depth> give the dimensions of the screen and the number of
439
planes (depth). The depth is the logarithm to base 2 of the number
440
of colors possible. (Or, the other way round: The number of colors is
441
2^depth).
443
You have to tell the kernel furthermore how the video memory is
444
organized. This is done by a letter as <org> parameter:
446
'n':
447
"normal planes", i.e. one whole plane after another
448
'i':
449
"interleaved planes", i.e. 16 bit of the first plane, than 16 bit
450
of the next, and so on... This mode is used only with the
451
built-in Atari video modes, I think there is no card that
452
supports this mode.
453
'p':
454
"packed pixels", i.e. <depth> consecutive bits stand for all
455
planes of one pixel; this is the most common mode for 8 planes
456
(256 colors) on graphic cards
457
't':
458
"true color" (more or less packed pixels, but without a color
459
lookup table); usually depth is 24
461
For monochrome modes (i.e., <depth> is 1), the <org> letter has a
462
different meaning:
464
'n':
465
normal colors, i.e. 0=white, 1=black
466
'i':
467
inverted colors, i.e. 0=black, 1=white
469
The next important information about the video hardware is the base
470
address of the video memory. That is given in the <scrmem> parameter,
471
as a hexadecimal number with a "0x" prefix. You have to find out this
472
address in the documentation of your hardware.
474
The next parameter, <scrlen>, tells the kernel about the size of the
475
video memory. If it's missing, the size is calculated from <xres>,
476
<yres>, and <depth>. For now, it is not useful to write a value here.
477
It would be used only for hardware scrolling (which isn't possible
478
with the external driver, because the kernel cannot set the video base
479
address), or for virtual resolutions under X (which the X server
480
doesn't support yet). So, it's currently best to leave this field
481
empty, either by ending the "external:" after the video address or by
482
writing two consecutive semicolons, if you want to give a <vgabase>
483
(it is allowed to leave this parameter empty).
485
The <vgabase> parameter is optional. If it is not given, the kernel
486
cannot read or write any color registers of the video hardware, and
487
thus you have to set appropriate colors before you start Linux. But if
488
your card is somehow VGA compatible, you can tell the kernel the base
489
address of the VGA register set, so it can change the color lookup
490
table. You have to look up this address in your board's documentation.
491
To avoid misunderstandings: <vgabase> is the _base_ address, i.e. a 4k
492
aligned address. For read/writing the color registers, the kernel
493
uses the addresses vgabase+0x3c7...vgabase+0x3c9. The <vgabase>
494
parameter is written in hexadecimal with a "0x" prefix, just as
495
<scrmem>.
497
<colw> is meaningful only if <vgabase> is specified. It tells the
498
kernel how wide each of the color register is, i.e. the number of bits
499
per single color (red/green/blue). Default is 6, another quite usual
500
value is 8.
502
Also <coltype> is used together with <vgabase>. It tells the kernel
503
about the color register model of your gfx board. Currently, the types
504
"vga" (which is also the default) and "mv300" (SANG MV300) are
505
implemented.
507
Parameter <xres_virtual> is required for ProMST or ET4000 cards where
508
the physical linelength differs from the visible length. With ProMST,
509
xres_virtual must be set to 2048. For ET4000, xres_virtual depends on the
510
initialisation of the video-card.
511
If you're missing a corresponding yres_virtual: the external part is legacy,
512
therefore we don't support hardware-dependent functions like hardware-scroll,
513
panning or blanking.
515
4.1.7) eclock:
516
--------------
518
The external pixel clock attached to the Falcon VIDEL shifter. This
519
currently works only with the ScreenWonder!
521
4.1.8) monitorcap:
522
-------------------
524
:Syntax: monitorcap:<vmin>;<vmax>;<hmin>;<hmax>
526
This describes the capabilities of a multisync monitor. Don't use it
527
with a fixed-frequency monitor! For now, only the Falcon frame buffer
528
uses the settings of "monitorcap:".
530
<vmin> and <vmax> are the minimum and maximum, resp., vertical frequencies
531
your monitor can work with, in Hz. <hmin> and <hmax> are the same for
532
the horizontal frequency, in kHz.
534
The defaults are 58;62;31;32 (VGA compatible).
536
The defaults for TV/SC1224/SC1435 cover both PAL and NTSC standards.
538
4.1.9) keep
539
------------
541
If this option is given, the framebuffer device doesn't do any video
542
mode calculations and settings on its own. The only Atari fb device
543
that does this currently is the Falcon.
545
What you reach with this: Settings for unknown video extensions
546
aren't overridden by the driver, so you can still use the mode found
547
when booting, when the driver doesn't know to set this mode itself.
548
But this also means, that you can't switch video modes anymore...
550
An example where you may want to use "keep" is the ScreenBlaster for
551
the Falcon.
554
4.2) atamouse=
555
--------------
557
:Syntax: atamouse=<x-threshold>,[<y-threshold>]
559
With this option, you can set the mouse movement reporting threshold.
560
This is the number of pixels of mouse movement that have to accumulate
561
before the IKBD sends a new mouse packet to the kernel. Higher values
562
reduce the mouse interrupt load and thus reduce the chance of keyboard
563
overruns. Lower values give a slightly faster mouse responses and
564
slightly better mouse tracking.
566
You can set the threshold in x and y separately, but usually this is
567
of little practical use. If there's just one number in the option, it
568
is used for both dimensions. The default value is 2 for both
569
thresholds.
572
4.3) ataflop=
573
-------------
575
:Syntax: ataflop=<drive type>[,<trackbuffering>[,<steprateA>[,<steprateB>]]]
577
The drive type may be 0, 1, or 2, for DD, HD, and ED, resp. This
578
setting affects how many buffers are reserved and which formats are
579
probed (see also below). The default is 1 (HD). Only one drive type
580
can be selected. If you have two disk drives, select the "better"
581
type.
583
The second parameter <trackbuffer> tells the kernel whether to use
584
track buffering (1) or not (0). The default is machine-dependent:
585
no for the Medusa and yes for all others.
587
With the two following parameters, you can change the default
588
steprate used for drive A and B, resp.
591
4.4) atascsi=
592
-------------
594
:Syntax: atascsi=<can_queue>[,<cmd_per_lun>[,<scat-gat>[,<host-id>[,<tagged>]]]]
596
This option sets some parameters for the Atari native SCSI driver.
597
Generally, any number of arguments can be omitted from the end. And
598
for each of the numbers, a negative value means "use default". The
599
defaults depend on whether TT-style or Falcon-style SCSI is used.
600
Below, defaults are noted as n/m, where the first value refers to
601
TT-SCSI and the latter to Falcon-SCSI. If an illegal value is given
602
for one parameter, an error message is printed and that one setting is
603
ignored (others aren't affected).
605
<can_queue>:
606
This is the maximum number of SCSI commands queued internally to the
607
Atari SCSI driver. A value of 1 effectively turns off the driver
608
internal multitasking (if it causes problems). Legal values are >=
609
1. <can_queue> can be as high as you like, but values greater than
610
<cmd_per_lun> times the number of SCSI targets (LUNs) you have
611
don't make sense. Default: 16/8.
613
<cmd_per_lun>:
614
Maximum number of SCSI commands issued to the driver for one
615
logical unit (LUN, usually one SCSI target). Legal values start
616
from 1. If tagged queuing (see below) is not used, values greater
617
than 2 don't make sense, but waste memory. Otherwise, the maximum
618
is the number of command tags available to the driver (currently
619
32). Default: 8/1. (Note: Values > 1 seem to cause problems on a
620
Falcon, cause not yet known.)
622
The <cmd_per_lun> value at a great part determines the amount of
623
memory SCSI reserves for itself. The formula is rather
624
complicated, but I can give you some hints:
626
no scatter-gather:
627
cmd_per_lun * 232 bytes
628
full scatter-gather:
629
cmd_per_lun * approx. 17 Kbytes
631
<scat-gat>:
632
Size of the scatter-gather table, i.e. the number of requests
633
consecutive on the disk that can be merged into one SCSI command.
634
Legal values are between 0 and 255. Default: 255/0. Note: This
635
value is forced to 0 on a Falcon, since scatter-gather isn't
636
possible with the ST-DMA. Not using scatter-gather hurts
637
performance significantly.
639
<host-id>:
640
The SCSI ID to be used by the initiator (your Atari). This is
641
usually 7, the highest possible ID. Every ID on the SCSI bus must
642
be unique. Default: determined at run time: If the NV-RAM checksum
643
is valid, and bit 7 in byte 30 of the NV-RAM is set, the lower 3
644
bits of this byte are used as the host ID. (This method is defined
645
by Atari and also used by some TOS HD drivers.) If the above
646
isn't given, the default ID is 7. (both, TT and Falcon).
648
<tagged>:
649
0 means turn off tagged queuing support, all other values > 0 mean
650
use tagged queuing for targets that support it. Default: currently
651
off, but this may change when tagged queuing handling has been
652
proved to be reliable.
654
Tagged queuing means that more than one command can be issued to
655
one LUN, and the SCSI device itself orders the requests so they
656
can be performed in optimal order. Not all SCSI devices support
657
tagged queuing (:-().
659
4.5 switches=
660
-------------
662
:Syntax: switches=<list of switches>
664
With this option you can switch some hardware lines that are often
665
used to enable/disable certain hardware extensions. Examples are
666
OverScan, overclocking, ...
668
The <list of switches> is a comma-separated list of the following
669
items:
671
ikbd:
672
set RTS of the keyboard ACIA high
673
midi:
674
set RTS of the MIDI ACIA high
675
snd6:
676
set bit 6 of the PSG port A
677
snd7:
678
set bit 6 of the PSG port A
680
It doesn't make sense to mention a switch more than once (no
681
difference to only once), but you can give as many switches as you
682
want to enable different features. The switch lines are set as early
683
as possible during kernel initialization (even before determining the
684
present hardware.)
686
All of the items can also be prefixed with `ov_`, i.e. `ov_ikbd`,
687
`ov_midi`, ... These options are meant for switching on an OverScan
688
video extension. The difference to the bare option is that the
689
switch-on is done after video initialization, and somehow synchronized
690
to the HBLANK. A speciality is that ov_ikbd and ov_midi are switched
691
off before rebooting, so that OverScan is disabled and TOS boots
692
correctly.
694
If you give an option both, with and without the `ov_` prefix, the
695
earlier initialization (`ov_`-less) takes precedence. But the
696
switching-off on reset still happens in this case.
698
5) Options for Amiga Only:
699
==========================
701
5.1) video=
702
-----------
704
:Syntax: video=<fbname>:<sub-options...>
706
The <fbname> parameter specifies the name of the frame buffer, valid
707
options are `amifb`, `cyber`, 'virge', `retz3` and `clgen`, provided
708
that the respective frame buffer devices have been compiled into the
709
kernel (or compiled as loadable modules). The behavior of the <fbname>
710
option was changed in 2.1.57 so it is now recommended to specify this
711
option.
713
The <sub-options> is a comma-separated list of the sub-options listed
714
below. This option is organized similar to the Atari version of the
715
"video"-option (4.1), but knows fewer sub-options.
717
5.1.1) video mode
718
-----------------
720
Again, similar to the video mode for the Atari (see 4.1.1). Predefined
721
modes depend on the used frame buffer device.
723
OCS, ECS and AGA machines all use the color frame buffer. The following
724
predefined video modes are available:
726
NTSC modes:
727
- ntsc : 640x200, 15 kHz, 60 Hz
728
- ntsc-lace : 640x400, 15 kHz, 60 Hz interlaced
730
PAL modes:
731
- pal : 640x256, 15 kHz, 50 Hz
732
- pal-lace : 640x512, 15 kHz, 50 Hz interlaced
734
ECS modes:
735
- multiscan : 640x480, 29 kHz, 57 Hz
736
- multiscan-lace : 640x960, 29 kHz, 57 Hz interlaced
737
- euro36 : 640x200, 15 kHz, 72 Hz
738
- euro36-lace : 640x400, 15 kHz, 72 Hz interlaced
739
- euro72 : 640x400, 29 kHz, 68 Hz
740
- euro72-lace : 640x800, 29 kHz, 68 Hz interlaced
741
- super72 : 800x300, 23 kHz, 70 Hz
742
- super72-lace : 800x600, 23 kHz, 70 Hz interlaced
743
- dblntsc-ff : 640x400, 27 kHz, 57 Hz
744
- dblntsc-lace : 640x800, 27 kHz, 57 Hz interlaced
745
- dblpal-ff : 640x512, 27 kHz, 47 Hz
746
- dblpal-lace : 640x1024, 27 kHz, 47 Hz interlaced
747
- dblntsc : 640x200, 27 kHz, 57 Hz doublescan
748
- dblpal : 640x256, 27 kHz, 47 Hz doublescan
750
VGA modes:
751
- vga : 640x480, 31 kHz, 60 Hz
752
- vga70 : 640x400, 31 kHz, 70 Hz
754
Please notice that the ECS and VGA modes require either an ECS or AGA
755
chipset, and that these modes are limited to 2-bit color for the ECS
756
chipset and 8-bit color for the AGA chipset.
758
5.1.2) depth
759
------------
761
:Syntax: depth:<nr. of bit-planes>
763
Specify the number of bit-planes for the selected video-mode.
765
5.1.3) inverse
766
--------------
768
Use inverted display (black on white). Functionally the same as the
769
"inverse" sub-option for the Atari.
771
5.1.4) font
772
-----------
774
:Syntax: font:<fontname>
776
Specify the font to use in text modes. Functionally the same as the
777
"font" sub-option for the Atari, except that `PEARL8x8` is used instead
778
of `VGA8x8` if the vertical size of the display is less than 400 pixel
779
rows.
781
5.1.5) monitorcap:
782
-------------------
784
:Syntax: monitorcap:<vmin>;<vmax>;<hmin>;<hmax>
786
This describes the capabilities of a multisync monitor. For now, only
787
the color frame buffer uses the settings of "monitorcap:".
789
<vmin> and <vmax> are the minimum and maximum, resp., vertical frequencies
790
your monitor can work with, in Hz. <hmin> and <hmax> are the same for
791
the horizontal frequency, in kHz.
793
The defaults are 50;90;15;38 (Generic Amiga multisync monitor).
796
5.2) fd_def_df0=
797
----------------
799
:Syntax: fd_def_df0=<value>
801
Sets the df0 value for "silent" floppy drives. The value should be in
802
hexadecimal with "0x" prefix.
805
5.3) wd33c93=
806
-------------
808
:Syntax: wd33c93=<sub-options...>
810
These options affect the A590/A2091, A3000 and GVP Series II SCSI
811
controllers.
813
The <sub-options> is a comma-separated list of the sub-options listed
814
below.
816
5.3.1) nosync
817
-------------
819
:Syntax: nosync:bitmask
821
bitmask is a byte where the 1st 7 bits correspond with the 7
822
possible SCSI devices. Set a bit to prevent sync negotiation on that
823
device. To maintain backwards compatibility, a command-line such as
824
"wd33c93=255" will be automatically translated to
825
"wd33c93=nosync:0xff". The default is to disable sync negotiation for
826
all devices, eg. nosync:0xff.
828
5.3.2) period
829
-------------
831
:Syntax: period:ns
833
`ns` is the minimum # of nanoseconds in a SCSI data transfer
834
period. Default is 500; acceptable values are 250 - 1000.
836
5.3.3) disconnect
837
-----------------
839
:Syntax: disconnect:x
841
Specify x = 0 to never allow disconnects, 2 to always allow them.
842
x = 1 does 'adaptive' disconnects, which is the default and generally
843
the best choice.
845
5.3.4) debug
846
------------
848
:Syntax: debug:x
850
If `DEBUGGING_ON` is defined, x is a bit mask that causes various
851
types of debug output to printed - see the DB_xxx defines in
852
wd33c93.h.
854
5.3.5) clock
855
------------
857
:Syntax: clock:x
859
x = clock input in MHz for WD33c93 chip. Normal values would be from
860
8 through 20. The default value depends on your hostadapter(s),
861
default for the A3000 internal controller is 14, for the A2091 it's 8
862
and for the GVP hostadapters it's either 8 or 14, depending on the
863
hostadapter and the SCSI-clock jumper present on some GVP
864
hostadapters.
866
5.3.6) next
867
-----------
869
No argument. Used to separate blocks of keywords when there's more
870
than one wd33c93-based host adapter in the system.
872
5.3.7) nodma
873
------------
875
:Syntax: nodma:x
877
If x is 1 (or if the option is just written as "nodma"), the WD33c93
878
controller will not use DMA (= direct memory access) to access the
879
Amiga's memory. This is useful for some systems (like A3000's and
880
A4000's with the A3640 accelerator, revision 3.0) that have problems
881
using DMA to chip memory. The default is 0, i.e. to use DMA if
882
possible.
885
5.4) gvp11=
886
-----------
888
:Syntax: gvp11=<addr-mask>
890
The earlier versions of the GVP driver did not handle DMA
891
address-mask settings correctly which made it necessary for some
892
people to use this option, in order to get their GVP controller
893
running under Linux. These problems have hopefully been solved and the
894
use of this option is now highly unrecommended!
896
Incorrect use can lead to unpredictable behavior, so please only use
897
this option if you *know* what you are doing and have a reason to do
898
so. In any case if you experience problems and need to use this
899
option, please inform us about it by mailing to the Linux/68k kernel
900
mailing list.
902
The address mask set by this option specifies which addresses are
903
valid for DMA with the GVP Series II SCSI controller. An address is
904
valid, if no bits are set except the bits that are set in the mask,
905
too.
907
Some versions of the GVP can only DMA into a 24 bit address range,
908
some can address a 25 bit address range while others can use the whole
909
32 bit address range for DMA. The correct setting depends on your
910
controller and should be autodetected by the driver. An example is the
911
24 bit region which is specified by a mask of 0x00fffffe.
3. 한국어 전문 번역
영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.
문서 범위와 주의 사항
1-24문서 제목은 Linux/m68k command-line option이며 마지막 갱신일은 1999-05-02, 기준 kernel은 2.2.6입니다. 원저자는 Roman Hodek이고 Jes Sorensen과 Chris Lawrence가 갱신했습니다.
반복적으로 문의되는 option 이름과 정확한 syntax를 모으기 위해 작성되었습니다. 일부 option은 오래되었거나 설명이 불완전하거나 누락될 수 있으므로, 최신 상태를 확인하고 수정 patch를 제출해야 합니다.
Kernel option 처리 순서
25-52| 분류 | 판정 | 전달 위치 |
|---|---|---|
| Kernel option | 이름 또는 전체 argument를 kernel이 인식 | 해당 kernel/driver parser |
| Environment setting | Kernel option이 아니며 `=` 포함 | `init` environment |
| Init argument | 나머지 argument | `init` command line |
문서는 머리말의 Linux/m68k version이 인식하는 kernel option을 설명합니다. 이후 revision에는 option이 추가될 수 있고 더 오래된 version에는 일부가 없을 수 있습니다.
일반적으로 `=` 뒤 value는 comma-separated list이며 해석은 option을 소유한 driver에 달려 있습니다. Driver별 소유 관계 때문에 여러 option이 다시 sub-option으로 나뉩니다.
Root filesystem 선택
53-147`root=/dev/<device>` 또는 `root=<hex_number>`는 kernel이 root filesystem으로 mount할 valid filesystem의 block device를 지정합니다.
부팅 시점에는 `/dev`가 아직 mount되지 않았으므로 kernel이 이름을 직접 major/minor로 변환합니다. 이름은 두세 글자 뒤 decimal number 형식이어야 하며 source의 mapping은 다음과 같습니다.
/dev/ram: -> 0x0100 (initial ramdisk)
/dev/hda: -> 0x0300 (first IDE disk)
/dev/hdb: -> 0x0340 (second IDE disk)
/dev/sda: -> 0x0800 (first SCSI disk)
/dev/sdb: -> 0x0810 (second SCSI disk)
/dev/sdc: -> 0x0820 (third SCSI disk)
/dev/sdd: -> 0x0830 (forth SCSI disk)
/dev/sde: -> 0x0840 (fifth SCSI disk)
/dev/fd : -> 0x0200 (floppy disk)뒤 decimal number는 partition number이며 표의 base device number에 더해집니다. `/dev/ram`은 bootstrap이 적재한 initial ramdisk를, `/dev/fdN`은 partition이 아닌 floppy drive를 뜻합니다. Kernel 2.0.18부터 initial ramdisk boot에는 root device로 `/dev/ram`을 명시해야 합니다.
Floppy number가 3보다 크면 format을 강제할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 major 2/minor 16인 `/dev/fd0D720`은 command line에서 `root=/dev/fd16`으로 지정합니다.
Kernel은 mount 전 symlink를 볼 수 없으므로 `/dev/fd -> /dev/fd0D720` 같은 별칭을 root 이름으로 쓸 수 없습니다. 또한 hardcoded table은 `/dev/sde`까지만 있으므로 여섯 번째 SCSI disk는 number로 지정하거나 range check가 없다는 점을 이용해 `/dev/sdf1`을 `root=/dev/sde17`로 표현해야 했습니다.
표에 없는 device는 separator나 prefix 없이 hexadecimal major/minor를 이어 씁니다. 첫 번째 SCSI CD-ROM은 major `0b`, minor `00`이므로 `root=0b00`입니다. 유효 major는 `include/linux/major.h`에서 확인합니다.
Unique partition identifier를 제공하는 partition table에서는 `root=PARTUUID=00112233-4455-6677-8899-AABBCCDDEEFF` 형식을 사용할 수 있습니다. 같은 device의 알려진 partition에서 상대 offset으로 찾을 수도 있습니다.
PARTUUID=00112233-4455-6677-8899-AABBCCDDEEFF/PARTNROFF=-2예시는 UUID가 partition 5인 device의 partition 3을 `PARTNROFF=-2`로 선택합니다. 권위 있는 최신 설명은 `Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst`에 있습니다.
Mount mode와 debug 출력
148-217| Option | 동작 |
|---|---|
| `ro` | Root filesystem을 read-only로 mount. Ramdisk를 제외한 기본값 |
| `rw` | Root filesystem을 read-write로 mount. Ramdisk 기본값 |
| `debug` | Kernel log level을 기본 7에서 10으로 올림 |
| `debug=<device>` | Machine별 low-level debug device로 특정 kernel message 출력 |
`debug=<device>`는 device 이름을 검증하지 않으므로 구현되지 않은 이름이면 아무 동작도 하지 않습니다. 출력 대상은 주로 memory fault나 bad trap 뒤 stack dump, kernel panic입니다. 정확히는 level 0 message와 현재 log level이 8 이상일 때 출력되는 모든 message입니다. Stack dump 전 kernel은 log level을 자동으로 10으로 올리며 `debug` 또는 runtime의 `dmesg -n 8`로도 8 이상을 설정할 수 있습니다.
| Machine | Device | 설정과 의미 |
|---|---|---|
| Amiga | `ser` | Built-in serial, 9600 bps, 8N1 |
| Amiga | `mem` | Reserved chip memory에 저장하고 reboot 뒤 AmigaOS `dmesg`로 읽음 |
| Atari | `ser1` | ST-MFP serial `Modem1`, 9600 bps, 8N1 |
| Atari | `ser2` | SCC channel B `Modem2`, 9600 bps, 8N1 |
| Atari | `ser` | Falcon은 `ser2`, 나머지는 `ser1`인 기본 serial |
| Atari | `midi` | MIDI port, 31250 bps, 8N1 |
| Atari | `par` | Parallel port. Printer가 없을 때 lockup을 막는 수 초 timeout 포함 |
Ramdisk와 폐기된 option
218-243`ramdisk_size=<size>`는 지정한 KiB 크기의 ramdisk를 만듭니다. Bootstrap이 ramdisk contents를 전달한 경우 크기가 자동 선택되므로 이 option으로 덮어쓰면 안 됩니다.
실질적인 용도는 floppy의 root filesystem을 memory로 읽는 경우입니다. Disk 크기를 ramdisk size로 선택하고 `root=`에 해당 disk drive를 지정합니다.
`swap=`과 `buff=` option은 기준 kernel 2.2.6에서 구현 흔적을 찾을 수 없다고 문서가 명시합니다.
Amiga/Atari 공통 device option
244-315| Option | Syntax와 핵심 동작 |
|---|---|
| `ether=` | `ether=[<irq>[,<base_addr>[,<mem_start>[,<mem_end>]]]],<dev-name>`. Linux/m68k Ethernet Zorro board는 Plug-and-Play이고 ariadne/a2065/hydra가 이 값을 쓰지 않아 사실상 무용 |
| `hd=` | `hd=<cylinders>,<heads>,<sectors>`. 첫 번째 occurrence는 첫 IDE disk, 두 번째는 두 번째 disk. Auto-detection 실패 때만 사용 |
| `max_scsi_luns=` | `1..8` LUN scan 한계. Kernel config의 Probe all LUNs가 켜지면 기본 8, 아니면 1 |
| `st=` | `st=<buffer_size>,[<write_thres>,[<max_buffers>]]`. 512-byte tape buffer 수, write 시작 block threshold, 전체 device buffer 한계 |
| `dmasound=` | `dmasound=[<buffers>,<buffer-size>[,<catch-radius>]]`. Buffer 수 최소/기본 4, KiB buffer 크기 최소 4/기본 32, frequency 오차 허용률 최대 10%/기본 0 |
`ether=`의 `dev-name` 예는 `eth0..eth3`, `sl0..sl3`, `ppp0..ppp3`, `dummy`, `lo`이며 non-Ethernet driver는 설정을 무시합니다.
`dmasound`의 catch radius를 3%로 두면 Falcon의 8195 Hz hardware frequency로 8000 Hz AU file을 별도 resampling 없이 재생할 수 있습니다.
Atari framebuffer와 predefined mode
316-366Atari `video=<fbname>:<sub-options...>`에서 일반적인 framebuffer 이름은 `atafb`입니다. Sub-option은 comma-separated입니다. 1.3.x 개발 중 이름이 `atavideo`에서 `video`로 바뀌었고 2.1.57부터 framebuffer 이름을 명시하는 방식이 권장됩니다.
| Mode | Resolution/depth | 제약 |
|---|---|---|
| `stlow` | 320x200x4 | |
| `stmid`, `default5` | 640x200x2 | |
| `sthigh`, `default4` | 640x400x1 | |
| `ttlow` | 320x480x8 | TT only |
| `ttmid`, `default1` | 640x480x4 | TT only |
| `tthigh`, `default2` | 1280x960x1 | TT only |
| `vga2` | 640x480x1 | Falcon only |
| `vga4` | 640x480x2 | Falcon only |
| `vga16`, `default3` | 640x480x4 | Falcon only |
| `vga256` | 640x480x8 | Falcon only |
| `falh2` | 896x608x1 | Falcon only |
| `falh16` | 896x608x4 | Falcon only |
Command line에 mode가 없으면 kernel은 가능한 mode를 찾을 때까지 `default<n>` 이름을 순서대로 시도합니다. `external:` driver를 활성화했다면 kernel이 board mode를 설정할 수 없으므로 predefined mode 선택은 의미가 없습니다.
Atari display 세부 option
367-419| Sub-option | 동작 |
|---|---|
| `inverse` | Text console의 black background를 white로 반전 |
| `font:<fontname>` | `VGA8x8`, `VGA8x16`, `PEARL8x8` 선택 |
| `hwscroll_<n>` | Hardware scrolling용 추가 video line 수 |
| `internal:<xres>;<yres>[;<xres_max>;<yres_max>;<offset>]` | OverScan 같은 internal extension의 visible/max resolution과 visible memory offset |
화면 세로가 400 pixel row 미만이면 기본 font는 `VGA8x8`, 그 이상이면 `VGA8x16`입니다.
Hardware scrolling은 video base address를 충분히 세밀하게 바꿀 수 있는 STE, MegaSTE, TT, Falcon에서만 가능합니다. Plain ST는 256-byte boundary 제약, graphics card는 kernel이 base address 설정법을 모르기 때문에 지원하지 않습니다. 기본 `<n>`은 visible text line 수로 video memory가 두 배가 되며 0으로 끌 수 있습니다.
`internal:`의 `<xres>/<yres>`는 확장 화면 크기입니다. Black border가 필요한 OverScan은 hardware 최대 line length `<xres_max>`, 최대 line 수 `<yres_max>`, physical screen memory 시작에서 visible 부분까지 byte offset `<offset>`을 추가합니다. Extension 활성화가 필요하면 뒤의 `switches=`를 사용합니다.
Atari external graphics board
420-513external:<xres>;<yres>;<depth>;<org>;<scrmem>[;<scrlen>[;<vgabase>
[;<colw>[;<coltype>[;<xres_virtual>]]]]]`external:`은 kernel이 내부를 모르는 graphics board의 사용법을 모두 command line으로 기술합니다. Linux 시작 전에 mode를 설정해야 하며 부팅 뒤 다른 mode로 전환할 수 없습니다.
| Parameter | 의미와 제약 |
|---|---|
| `<xres>`, `<yres>` | Visible screen dimension |
| `<depth>` | Plane 수이며 color 수는 `2^depth` |
| `<org>` | Video memory organization |
| `<scrmem>` | `0x` prefix hexadecimal video-memory base |
| `<scrlen>` | 선택적 memory size. 생략 시 resolution/depth로 계산 |
| `<vgabase>` | 선택적 4 KiB-aligned VGA register base |
| `<colw>` | 각 R/G/B color register bit 수. 기본 6, 흔한 다른 값 8 |
| `<coltype>` | Color register model: 기본 `vga` 또는 `mv300` |
| `<xres_virtual>` | ProMST/ET4000 physical line length. ProMST는 2048 |
| `<org>` | Color mode | Monochrome depth 1 |
|---|---|---|
| `n` | Normal planes, plane 전체가 차례로 배치 | 0=white, 1=black |
| `i` | Plane별 16 bit interleave; built-in Atari mode | 0=black, 1=white |
| `p` | Packed pixels; 한 pixel의 모든 plane bit가 연속 | 해당 없음 |
| `t` | Lookup table 없는 true color, 보통 depth 24 | 해당 없음 |
`<scrlen>`은 현재 hardware scrolling이나 X virtual resolution에만 쓰일 수 있으나 external driver와 당시 X server가 이를 지원하지 않아 비워 두는 편이 낫습니다. `<vgabase>`를 뒤에 쓰려면 semicolon 두 개로 빈 field를 표현합니다.
`<vgabase>`가 없으면 kernel은 color register를 읽거나 쓸 수 없어 부팅 전에 color를 설정해야 합니다. 지정하면 `vgabase+0x3c7..vgabase+0x3c9`를 사용합니다. External path는 legacy라 `yres_virtual`, hardware scrolling, panning, blanking을 지원하지 않습니다.
Atari clock, monitor, keep
514-553| Sub-option | 동작 |
|---|---|
| `eclock:` | Falcon VIDEL shifter의 external pixel clock. ScreenWonder에서만 동작 |
| `monitorcap:<vmin>;<vmax>;<hmin>;<hmax>` | Multisync monitor의 vertical Hz와 horizontal kHz 범위. Fixed-frequency monitor에는 사용 금지 |
| `keep` | Framebuffer 자체 mode 계산과 설정을 중단 |
Falcon framebuffer의 VGA-compatible `monitorcap` 기본값은 `58;62;31;32`입니다. TV/SC1224/SC1435 기본값은 PAL과 NTSC를 모두 포함합니다.
`keep`은 알려지지 않은 video extension의 boot-time mode를 driver가 덮어쓰지 않게 하지만 이후 mode switch도 불가능하게 합니다. Falcon ScreenBlaster가 대표 사용 예입니다.
Atari mouse와 floppy
554-590`ataflop=<drive type>[,<trackbuffering>[,<steprateA>[,<steprateB>]]]`는 drive type, track buffering, 두 drive의 step rate를 순서대로 설정합니다.
| Option/field | 범위와 의미 |
|---|---|
| `atamouse=<x-threshold>,[<y-threshold>]` | IKBD가 packet을 보낼 때까지 누적할 pixel 수. 큰 값은 interrupt/keyboard overrun 감소, 작은 값은 빠른 tracking. 하나만 주면 양축에 적용, 기본 2 |
| `ataflop` drive type | `0=DD`, `1=HD`, `2=ED`; buffer 수와 probe format 결정, 기본 HD |
| `trackbuffering` | `1` 사용, `0` 미사용. Medusa는 기본 off, 나머지는 on |
| `steprateA`, `steprateB` | Drive A/B의 기본 step rate 변경 |
Drive가 두 개여도 `ataflop` type은 하나만 선택하므로 더 성능이 좋은 type을 골라야 합니다.
Atari SCSI queue와 hardware switch
591-697`atascsi=<can_queue>[,<cmd_per_lun>[,<scat-gat>[,<host-id>[,<tagged>]]]]`는 Atari native SCSI driver를 조정합니다. 뒤 argument는 생략할 수 있고 음수는 default를 뜻합니다. Default 표기의 앞은 TT-SCSI, 뒤는 Falcon-SCSI이며 잘못된 field 하나만 무시하고 나머지는 유지합니다.
| Field | 범위, 기본값, 영향 |
|---|---|
| `can_queue` | Driver 내부 queued command 최대 수, 최소 1. 1은 내부 multitasking을 사실상 끔. 기본 16/8 |
| `cmd_per_lun` | LUN당 command 최대 수, 최소 1. Untagged면 2 초과는 낭비, tagged 최대는 현재 32. 기본 8/1 |
| `scat-gat` | Scatter-gather table 크기 0..255, 기본 255/0. ST-DMA 때문에 Falcon은 0 강제 |
| `host-id` | Initiator SCSI ID. Valid NV-RAM byte 30 bit 7이면 하위 3 bit, 아니면 7 |
| `tagged` | 0은 tagged queue off, 양수는 지원 target에서 on. 문서 기준 기본 off |
`can_queue`가 `cmd_per_lun * target 수`보다 큰 것은 의미가 없습니다. Falcon에서 `cmd_per_lun > 1`은 당시 원인 미상의 문제를 일으킬 수 있습니다. `cmd_per_lun`은 SCSI reserved memory를 크게 좌우합니다.
no scatter-gather:
cmd_per_lun * 232 bytes
full scatter-gather:
cmd_per_lun * approx. 17 KbytesScatter-gather를 끄면 성능이 크게 떨어집니다. Tagged queue는 한 LUN에 여러 command를 보내 device가 최적 순서로 재정렬하게 하지만 모든 SCSI device가 지원하는 것은 아닙니다.
| `switches=` item | Set line |
|---|---|
| `ikbd` | Keyboard ACIA RTS high |
| `midi` | MIDI ACIA RTS high |
| `snd6` | PSG port A bit 6 |
| `snd7` | PSG port A bit 6 |
Switch list는 comma-separated이고 중복은 효과가 없습니다. Hardware 확인 전 가능한 한 이르게 설정합니다. 모든 item에 `ov_` prefix를 붙이면 OverScan용으로 video initialization 뒤 HBLANK에 맞춰 켭니다. `ov_ikbd`와 `ov_midi`는 reboot 전에 꺼 TOS가 정상 부팅되게 합니다. Prefix 없는 형식과 함께 주면 이른 초기화가 우선하지만 reset 시 disable은 계속 수행됩니다.
Amiga framebuffer와 video mode
698-757Amiga `video=<fbname>:<sub-options...>`의 framebuffer는 해당 driver가 built-in 또는 module로 compile된 경우 `amifb`, `cyber`, `virge`, `retz3`, `clgen`을 사용할 수 있습니다. 2.1.57부터 `<fbname>` 명시가 권장되며 sub-option은 Atari 형식과 같은 comma-separated 구조입니다.
| 그룹 | Mode | Resolution/frequency |
|---|---|---|
| NTSC | `ntsc` | 640x200, 15 kHz, 60 Hz |
| NTSC | `ntsc-lace` | 640x400, 15 kHz, 60 Hz interlaced |
| PAL | `pal` | 640x256, 15 kHz, 50 Hz |
| PAL | `pal-lace` | 640x512, 15 kHz, 50 Hz interlaced |
| ECS | `multiscan` | 640x480, 29 kHz, 57 Hz |
| ECS | `multiscan-lace` | 640x960, 29 kHz, 57 Hz interlaced |
| ECS | `euro36` | 640x200, 15 kHz, 72 Hz |
| ECS | `euro36-lace` | 640x400, 15 kHz, 72 Hz interlaced |
| ECS | `euro72` | 640x400, 29 kHz, 68 Hz |
| ECS | `euro72-lace` | 640x800, 29 kHz, 68 Hz interlaced |
| ECS | `super72` | 800x300, 23 kHz, 70 Hz |
| ECS | `super72-lace` | 800x600, 23 kHz, 70 Hz interlaced |
| ECS | `dblntsc-ff` | 640x400, 27 kHz, 57 Hz |
| ECS | `dblntsc-lace` | 640x800, 27 kHz, 57 Hz interlaced |
| ECS | `dblpal-ff` | 640x512, 27 kHz, 47 Hz |
| ECS | `dblpal-lace` | 640x1024, 27 kHz, 47 Hz interlaced |
| ECS | `dblntsc` | 640x200, 27 kHz, 57 Hz doublescan |
| ECS | `dblpal` | 640x256, 27 kHz, 47 Hz doublescan |
| VGA | `vga` | 640x480, 31 kHz, 60 Hz |
| VGA | `vga70` | 640x400, 31 kHz, 70 Hz |
OCS/ECS/AGA는 color framebuffer를 사용합니다. ECS/VGA mode에는 ECS 또는 AGA chipset이 필요하며 color depth는 ECS에서 2 bit, AGA에서 8 bit로 제한됩니다.
Amiga display와 floppy option
758-804| Sub-option | 동작 |
|---|---|
| `depth:<nr. of bit-planes>` | 선택 video mode의 bit-plane 수 |
| `inverse` | Black-on-white inverted display, Atari와 동일 |
| `font:<fontname>` | Text-mode font. 세로 400 pixel 미만이면 `VGA8x8` 대신 `PEARL8x8` 사용 |
| `monitorcap:<vmin>;<vmax>;<hmin>;<hmax>` | Color framebuffer용 multisync monitor 범위, 기본 `50;90;15;38` |
| `fd_def_df0=<value>` | Silent floppy drive의 `df0` 값을 `0x` prefix hexadecimal로 설정 |
`monitorcap`의 vertical 범위는 Hz, horizontal 범위는 kHz이며 기본값은 generic Amiga multisync monitor를 나타냅니다.
Amiga WD33C93와 GVP DMA
805-911`wd33c93=<sub-options...>`는 A590/A2091, A3000, GVP Series II SCSI controller에 적용되며 comma-separated sub-option을 받습니다.
| Sub-option | 의미와 기본값 |
|---|---|
| `nosync:bitmask` | 하위 7 bit가 device 7개에 대응하며 set bit는 sync negotiation 금지. `wd33c93=255`는 `wd33c93=nosync:0xff`로 변환, 기본 `0xff` |
| `period:ns` | SCSI transfer period 최소 ns. 기본 500, 허용 250..1000 |
| `disconnect:x` | 0=금지, 1=adaptive 기본, 2=항상 허용 |
| `debug:x` | `DEBUGGING_ON`일 때 `wd33c93.h`의 `DB_xxx` bitmask로 debug output 선택 |
| `clock:x` | WD33C93 input MHz, 보통 8..20. A3000 기본 14, A2091 8, GVP는 adapter/jumper에 따라 8 또는 14 |
| `next` | Argument 없이 여러 WD33C93 adapter의 keyword block 구분 |
| `nodma:x` | 1 또는 bare `nodma`면 DMA 사용 금지. A3000/A4000+A3640 revision 3.0 등의 chip-memory DMA 문제 회피. 기본 0 |
`gvp11=<addr-mask>`는 초기 GVP driver의 잘못된 DMA address-mask 처리 때문에 존재했으나 문제가 해결된 것으로 보이므로 강하게 비권장됩니다. 잘못 쓰면 예측 불가능한 동작이 생기므로 명확한 이유가 있을 때만 사용하고 필요 사례는 Linux/68k mailing list에 보고해야 합니다.
Mask에 설정되지 않은 bit가 address에도 하나도 없을 때만 DMA-valid입니다. GVP version에 따라 24, 25, 32-bit address range를 지원하며 driver가 자동 검출해야 합니다. 24-bit range 예시는 `0x00fffffe`입니다.
요약과 해설
kernel-options.rst:1-911이 문서는 일반 root/debug option과 legacy M68K device parameter를 한 곳에 모읍니다. 현재 kernel에서는 일부가 폐기됐을 수 있지만, bootloader와 old hardware bring-up을 해석할 때 option syntax와 historical default를 그대로 보존하는 것이 중요합니다.
Kernel이 argument를 어떤 소비자에게 보낼지 결정하는 순서입니다.
공통 option 뒤 machine family별 framebuffer와 SCSI 설정이 갈라집니다.
자동 검출이나 hardware 문서를 우선해야 하는 option입니다.